Femtosecond all-optical synchronization of an X-ray free-electron laser

S. Schulz (), I. Grguraš, C. Behrens, H. Bromberger, J. T. Costello, M. K. Czwalinna, M. Felber, M. C. Hoffmann, M. Ilchen, H. Y. Liu, T. Mazza, M. Meyer, S. Pfeiffer, P. Prędki, S. Schefer, C. Schmidt, U. Wegner, H. Schlarb () and A. L. Cavalieri ()
Additional contact information
S. Schulz: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
I. Grguraš: Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter
C. Behrens: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
H. Bromberger: Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter
J. T. Costello: School of Physical Sciences and National Center for Plasma Science and Technology (NCPST), Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
M. K. Czwalinna: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
M. Felber: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
M. C. Hoffmann: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
M. Ilchen: European XFEL GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Ring 19, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
H. Y. Liu: Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter
T. Mazza: European XFEL GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Ring 19, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
M. Meyer: European XFEL GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Ring 19, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
S. Pfeiffer: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
P. Prędki: Lodz University of Technology
S. Schefer: University of Hamburg
C. Schmidt: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
U. Wegner: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
H. Schlarb: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
A. L. Cavalieri: Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter

Nature Communications, 2015, vol. 6, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Many advanced applications of X-ray free-electron lasers require pulse durations and time resolutions of only a few femtoseconds. To generate these pulses and to apply them in time-resolved experiments, synchronization techniques that can simultaneously lock all independent components, including all accelerator modules and all external optical lasers, to better than the delivered free-electron laser pulse duration, are needed. Here we achieve all-optical synchronization at the soft X-ray free-electron laser FLASH and demonstrate facility-wide timing to better than 30 fs r.m.s. for 90 fs X-ray photon pulses. Crucially, our analysis indicates that the performance of this optical synchronization is limited primarily by the free-electron laser pulse duration, and should naturally scale to the sub-10 femtosecond level with shorter X-ray pulses.

Date: 2015
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6938

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