Phase evolution in single-crystalline LiFePO4 followed by in situ scanning X-ray microscopy of a micrometre-sized battery

Nils Ohmer, Bernhard Fenk, Dominik Samuelis, Chia-Chin Chen, Joachim Maier (), Markus Weigand, Eberhard Goering and Gisela Schütz ()
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Nils Ohmer: Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research
Bernhard Fenk: Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research
Dominik Samuelis: Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research
Chia-Chin Chen: Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research
Joachim Maier: Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research
Markus Weigand: Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems
Eberhard Goering: Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems
Gisela Schütz: Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems

Nature Communications, 2015, vol. 6, issue 1, 1-7

Abstract: Abstract LiFePO4 is one of the most frequently studied positive electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries during the last years. Nevertheless, there is still an extensive debate on the mechanism of phase transformation. On the one hand this is due to the small energetic differences involved and hence the great sensitivity with respect to parameters such as size and morphology. On the other hand this is due to the lack of in situ observations with appreciable space and time resolution. Here we present scanning transmission X-ray microscopy measurements following in situ the phase boundary propagation within a LiFePO4 single crystal along the (010) orientation during electrochemical lithiation/delithiation. We follow, on a battery-relevant timescale, the evolution of a two-phase-front on a micrometre scale with a lateral resolution of 30 nm and with minutes of time resolution. The growth pattern is found to be dominated by elastic effects rather than being transport-controlled.

Date: 2015
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7045

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