Ultrasmooth organic–inorganic perovskite thin-film formation and crystallization for efficient planar heterojunction solar cells

Wei Zhang, Michael Saliba, David T. Moore, Sandeep K. Pathak, Maximilian T. Hörantner, Thomas Stergiopoulos, Samuel D. Stranks, Giles E. Eperon, Jack A. Alexander-Webber, Antonio Abate, Aditya Sadhanala, Shuhua Yao, Yulin Chen, Richard H. Friend, Lara A. Estroff, Ulrich Wiesner and Henry J. Snaith ()
Additional contact information
Wei Zhang: Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford
Michael Saliba: Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford
David T. Moore: Cornell University
Sandeep K. Pathak: Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford
Maximilian T. Hörantner: Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford
Thomas Stergiopoulos: Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford
Samuel D. Stranks: Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford
Giles E. Eperon: Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford
Jack A. Alexander-Webber: Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford
Antonio Abate: Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford
Aditya Sadhanala: Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge
Shuhua Yao: National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University
Yulin Chen: Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford
Richard H. Friend: Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge
Lara A. Estroff: Cornell University
Ulrich Wiesner: Cornell University
Henry J. Snaith: Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford

Nature Communications, 2015, vol. 6, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract To date, there have been a plethora of reports on different means to fabricate organic–inorganic metal halide perovskite thin films; however, the inorganic starting materials have been limited to halide-based anions. Here we study the role of the anions in the perovskite solution and their influence upon perovskite crystal growth, film formation and device performance. We find that by using a non-halide lead source (lead acetate) instead of lead chloride or iodide, the perovskite crystal growth is much faster, which allows us to obtain ultrasmooth and almost pinhole-free perovskite films by a simple one-step solution coating with only a few minutes annealing. This synthesis leads to improved device performance in planar heterojunction architectures and answers a critical question as to the role of the anion and excess organic component during crystallization. Our work paves the way to tune the crystal growth kinetics by simple chemistry.

Date: 2015
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7142

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