Emergence of coherence via transverse condensation in a uniform quasi-two-dimensional Bose gas

Lauriane Chomaz (), Laura Corman, Tom Bienaimé, Rémi Desbuquois, Christof Weitenberg, Sylvain Nascimbène, Jérôme Beugnon and Jean Dalibard
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Lauriane Chomaz: Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités
Laura Corman: Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités
Tom Bienaimé: Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités
Rémi Desbuquois: Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich
Christof Weitenberg: Institut für Laserphysik, Universität Hamburg
Sylvain Nascimbène: Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités
Jérôme Beugnon: Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités
Jean Dalibard: Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités

Nature Communications, 2015, vol. 6, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract Phase transitions are ubiquitous in our three-dimensional world. By contrast, most conventional transitions do not occur in infinite uniform low-dimensional systems because of the increased role of thermal fluctuations. The crossover between these situations constitutes an important issue, dramatically illustrated by Bose-Einstein condensation: a gas strongly confined along one direction of space may condense along this direction without exhibiting true long-range order in the perpendicular plane. Here we explore transverse condensation for an atomic gas confined in a novel trapping geometry, with a flat in-plane bottom, and we relate it to the onset of an extended (yet of finite-range) in-plane coherence. By quench crossing the transition, we observe topological defects with a mean number satisfying the universal scaling law predicted by Kibble-Zurek mechanism. The approach described can be extended to investigate the topological phase transitions that take place in planar quantum fluids.

Date: 2015
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7162

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