The 3D-architecture of individual free silver nanoparticles captured by X-ray scattering

Ingo Barke (), Hannes Hartmann, Daniela Rupp (), Leonie Flückiger, Mario Sauppe, Marcus Adolph, Sebastian Schorb, Christoph Bostedt, Rolf Treusch, Christian Peltz, Stephan Bartling, Thomas Fennel (), Karl-Heinz Meiwes-Broer and Thomas Möller
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Ingo Barke: Institute of Physics, University of Rostock
Hannes Hartmann: Institute of Physics, University of Rostock
Daniela Rupp: IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin
Leonie Flückiger: IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin
Mario Sauppe: IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin
Marcus Adolph: IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin
Sebastian Schorb: IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin
Christoph Bostedt: Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
Rolf Treusch: FLASH, DESY
Christian Peltz: Institute of Physics, University of Rostock
Stephan Bartling: Institute of Physics, University of Rostock
Thomas Fennel: Institute of Physics, University of Rostock
Karl-Heinz Meiwes-Broer: Institute of Physics, University of Rostock
Thomas Möller: IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin

Nature Communications, 2015, vol. 6, issue 1, 1-7

Abstract: Abstract The diversity of nanoparticle shapes generated by condensation from gaseous matter reflects the fundamental competition between thermodynamic equilibration and the persistence of metastable configurations during growth. In the kinetically limited regime, intermediate geometries that are favoured only in early formation stages can be imprinted in the finally observed ensemble of differently structured specimens. Here we demonstrate that single-shot wide-angle scattering of femtosecond soft X-ray free-electron laser pulses allows three-dimensional characterization of the resulting metastable nanoparticle structures. For individual free silver particles, which can be considered frozen in space for the duration of photon exposure, both shape and orientation are uncovered from measured scattering images. We identify regular shapes, including species with fivefold symmetry and surprisingly large aspect ratio up to particle radii of the order of 100 nm. Our approach includes scattering effects beyond Born’s approximation and is remarkably efficient—opening up new routes in ultrafast nanophysics and free-electron laser science.

Date: 2015
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7187

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