Sub-nanosecond signal propagation in anisotropy-engineered nanomagnetic logic chains

Zheng Gu, Mark E. Nowakowski, David B. Carlton, Ralph Storz, Mi-Young Im, Jeongmin Hong, Weilun Chao, Brian Lambson, Patrick Bennett, Mohmmad T. Alam, Matthew A. Marcus, Andrew Doran, Anthony Young, Andreas Scholl, Peter Fischer and Jeffrey Bokor ()
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Zheng Gu: University of California
Mark E. Nowakowski: University of California
David B. Carlton: Intel Corp.
Ralph Storz: Thorlabs Inc.
Mi-Young Im: Center for X-ray Optics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Jeongmin Hong: University of California
Weilun Chao: Center for X-ray Optics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Brian Lambson: iRunway
Patrick Bennett: University of California
Mohmmad T. Alam: Intel Corp.
Matthew A. Marcus: Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Andrew Doran: Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Anthony Young: Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Andreas Scholl: Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Peter Fischer: Center for X-ray Optics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Jeffrey Bokor: University of California

Nature Communications, 2015, vol. 6, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract Energy efficient nanomagnetic logic (NML) computing architectures propagate binary information by relying on dipolar field coupling to reorient closely spaced nanoscale magnets. Signal propagation in nanomagnet chains has been previously characterized by static magnetic imaging experiments; however, the mechanisms that determine the final state and their reproducibility over millions of cycles in high-speed operation have yet to be experimentally investigated. Here we present a study of NML operation in a high-speed regime. We perform direct imaging of digital signal propagation in permalloy nanomagnet chains with varying degrees of shape-engineered biaxial anisotropy using full-field magnetic X-ray transmission microscopy and time-resolved photoemission electron microscopy after applying nanosecond magnetic field pulses. An intrinsic switching time of 100 ps per magnet is observed. These experiments, and accompanying macrospin and micromagnetic simulations, reveal the underlying physics of NML architectures repetitively operated on nanosecond timescales and identify relevant engineering parameters to optimize performance and reliability.

Date: 2015
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7466

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