Subsistence strategies in traditional societies distinguish gut microbiomes

Alexandra J. Obregon-Tito, Raul Y. Tito, Jessica Metcalf, Krithivasan Sankaranarayanan, Jose C. Clemente, Luke K. Ursell, Zhenjiang Zech Xu, Will Van Treuren, Rob Knight, Patrick M. Gaffney, Paul Spicer, Paul Lawson, Luis Marin-Reyes, Omar Trujillo-Villarroel, Morris Foster, Emilio Guija-Poma, Luzmila Troncoso-Corzo, Christina Warinner, Andrew T. Ozga and Cecil M. Lewis ()
Additional contact information
Alexandra J. Obregon-Tito: University of Oklahoma, Dale Hall Tower, 521 Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
Raul Y. Tito: University of Oklahoma, Dale Hall Tower, 521 Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
Jessica Metcalf: University of Colorado
Krithivasan Sankaranarayanan: University of Oklahoma, Dale Hall Tower, 521 Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
Jose C. Clemente: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Luke K. Ursell: University of Colorado
Zhenjiang Zech Xu: University of Colorado
Will Van Treuren: University of Colorado
Rob Knight: Departments of Pediatrics and Computer Science & Engineering University of California San Diego
Patrick M. Gaffney: Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation
Paul Spicer: University of Oklahoma, Dale Hall Tower, 521 Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
Paul Lawson: University of Oklahoma, Dale Hall Tower, 521 Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
Luis Marin-Reyes: Instituto Nacional de Salud
Omar Trujillo-Villarroel: Instituto Nacional de Salud
Morris Foster: Old Dominion University
Emilio Guija-Poma: Universidad Científica del Sur
Luzmila Troncoso-Corzo: Universidad Científica del Sur
Christina Warinner: University of Oklahoma, Dale Hall Tower, 521 Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
Andrew T. Ozga: University of Oklahoma, Dale Hall Tower, 521 Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
Cecil M. Lewis: University of Oklahoma, Dale Hall Tower, 521 Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA

Nature Communications, 2015, vol. 6, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Recent studies suggest that gut microbiomes of urban-industrialized societies are different from those of traditional peoples. Here we examine the relationship between lifeways and gut microbiota through taxonomic and functional potential characterization of faecal samples from hunter-gatherer and traditional agriculturalist communities in Peru and an urban-industrialized community from the US. We find that in addition to taxonomic and metabolic differences between urban and traditional lifestyles, hunter-gatherers form a distinct sub-group among traditional peoples. As observed in previous studies, we find that Treponema are characteristic of traditional gut microbiomes. Moreover, through genome reconstruction (2.2–2.5 MB, coverage depth × 26–513) and functional potential characterization, we discover these Treponema are diverse, fall outside of pathogenic clades and are similar to Treponema succinifaciens, a known carbohydrate metabolizer in swine. Gut Treponema are found in non-human primates and all traditional peoples studied to date, suggesting they are symbionts lost in urban-industrialized societies.

Date: 2015
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7505

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