Dynamic imaging of the growth plate cartilage reveals multiple contributors to skeletal morphogenesis

Yuwei Li (), Vikas Trivedi, Thai V. Truong, David S. Koos, Rusty Lansford, Cheng-Ming Chuong, David Warburton, Rex A. Moats and Scott E. Fraser ()
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Yuwei Li: California Institute of Technology
Vikas Trivedi: California Institute of Technology
Thai V. Truong: California Institute of Technology
David S. Koos: The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles
Rusty Lansford: The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles
Cheng-Ming Chuong: Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
David Warburton: Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles
Rex A. Moats: The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles
Scott E. Fraser: California Institute of Technology

Nature Communications, 2015, vol. 6, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract The diverse morphology of vertebrate skeletal system is genetically controlled, yet the means by which cells shape the skeleton remains to be fully illuminated. Here we perform quantitative analyses of cell behaviours in the growth plate cartilage, the template for long bone formation, to gain insights into this process. Using a robust avian embryonic organ culture, we employ time-lapse two-photon laser scanning microscopy to observe proliferative cells’ behaviours during cartilage growth, resulting in cellular trajectories with a spreading displacement mainly along the tissue elongation axis. We build a novel software toolkit of quantitative methods to segregate the contributions of various cellular processes to the cellular trajectories. We find that convergent-extension, mitotic cell division, and daughter cell rearrangement do not contribute significantly to the observed growth process; instead, extracellular matrix deposition and cell volume enlargement are the key contributors to embryonic cartilage elongation.

Date: 2015
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7798

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