P2-Na0.6[Cr0.6Ti0.4]O2 cation-disordered electrode for high-rate symmetric rechargeable sodium-ion batteries

Yuesheng Wang, Ruijuan Xiao, Yong-Sheng Hu (), Maxim Avdeev () and Liquan Chen
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Yuesheng Wang: Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Ruijuan Xiao: Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Yong-Sheng Hu: Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Maxim Avdeev: Bragg Institute, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation
Liquan Chen: Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Nature Communications, 2015, vol. 6, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Most P2-type layered oxides exhibit Na+/vacancy-ordered superstructures because of strong Na+–Na+ interaction in the alkali metal layer and charge ordering in the transition metal layer. These superstructures evidenced by voltage plateaus in the electrochemical curves limit the Na+ ion transport kinetics and cycle performance in rechargeable batteries. Here we show that such Na+/vacancy ordering can be avoided by choosing the transition metal ions with similar ionic radii and different redox potentials, for example, Cr3+ and Ti4+. The designed P2-Na0.6[Cr0.6Ti0.4]O2 is completely Na+/vacancy-disordered at any sodium content and displays excellent rate capability and long cycle life. A symmetric sodium-ion battery using the same P2-Na0.6[Cr0.6Ti0.4]O2 electrode delivers 75% of the initial capacity at 12C rate. Our contribution demonstrates that the approach of preventing Na+/vacancy ordering by breaking charge ordering in the transition metal layer opens a simple way to design disordered electrode materials with high power density and long cycle life.

Date: 2015
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7954

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