Exosome-delivered microRNAs modulate the inflammatory response to endotoxin

Margaret Alexander, Ruozhen Hu, Marah C. Runtsch, Dominique A. Kagele, Timothy L. Mosbruger, Tanya Tolmachova, Miguel C. Seabra, June L. Round, Diane M. Ward and Ryan M. O’Connell ()
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Margaret Alexander: University of Utah
Ruozhen Hu: University of Utah
Marah C. Runtsch: University of Utah
Dominique A. Kagele: University of Utah
Timothy L. Mosbruger: Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine
Tanya Tolmachova: Molecular Medicine Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London
Miguel C. Seabra: Molecular Medicine Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London
June L. Round: University of Utah
Diane M. Ward: University of Utah
Ryan M. O’Connell: University of Utah

Nature Communications, 2015, vol. 6, issue 1, 1-16

Abstract: Abstract MicroRNAs regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally and function within the cells in which they are transcribed. However, recent evidence suggests that microRNAs can be transferred between cells and mediate target gene repression. We find that endogenous miR-155 and miR-146a, two critical microRNAs that regulate inflammation, are released from dendritic cells within exosomes and are subsequently taken up by recipient dendritic cells. Following uptake, exogenous microRNAs mediate target gene repression and can reprogramme the cellular response to endotoxin, where exosome-delivered miR-155 enhances while miR-146a reduces inflammatory gene expression. We also find that miR-155 and miR-146a are present in exosomes and pass between immune cells in vivo, as well as demonstrate that exosomal miR-146a inhibits while miR-155 promotes endotoxin-induced inflammation in mice. Together, our findings provide strong evidence that endogenous microRNAs undergo a functional transfer between immune cells and constitute a mechanism of regulating the inflammatory response.

Date: 2015
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8321

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