Two-dimensional magnetotransport in a black phosphorus naked quantum well

V. Tayari, N. Hemsworth, I. Fakih, A. Favron, E. Gaufrès, G. Gervais, R. Martel and T. Szkopek ()
Additional contact information
V. Tayari: McGill University, 3480 rue Université
N. Hemsworth: McGill University, 3480 rue Université
I. Fakih: McGill University, 3480 rue Université
A. Favron: Université de Montréal, 2900 boul. Édouard-Montpetit
E. Gaufrès: Université de Montréal, Montréal, 2900 boul. Édouard-Montpetit
G. Gervais: McGill University, 3600 rue Université
R. Martel: Université de Montréal, 2900 boul. Édouard-Montpetit
T. Szkopek: McGill University, 3480 rue Université

Nature Communications, 2015, vol. 6, issue 1, 1-7

Abstract: Abstract Black phosphorus (bP) is the second known elemental allotrope with a layered crystal structure that can be mechanically exfoliated to atomic layer thickness. Unlike metallic graphite and semi-metallic graphene, bP is a semiconductor in both bulk and few-layer form. Here we fabricate bP-naked quantum wells in a back-gated field effect transistor geometry with bP thicknesses ranging from 6±1 nm to 47±1 nm. Using a polymer encapsulant, we suppress bP oxidation and observe field effect mobilities up to 900 cm2 V−1 s−1 and on/off current ratios exceeding 105. Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations observed in magnetic fields up to 35 T reveal a 2D hole gas with Schrödinger fermion character in a surface accumulation layer. Our work demonstrates that 2D electronic structure and 2D atomic structure are independent. 2D carrier confinement can be achieved without approaching atomic layer thickness, advantageous for materials that become increasingly reactive in the few-layer limit such as bP.

Date: 2015
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8702

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