Long-life Li/polysulphide batteries with high sulphur loading enabled by lightweight three-dimensional nitrogen/sulphur-codoped graphene sponge

Guangmin Zhou, Eunsu Paek, Gyeong S. Hwang and Arumugam Manthiram ()
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Guangmin Zhou: Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 204 East Dean Keeton Street, Mail Stop: C2200, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
Eunsu Paek: The University of Texas at Austin, 204 East Dean Keeton Street, Mail Stop: C2200, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
Gyeong S. Hwang: The University of Texas at Austin, 204 East Dean Keeton Street, Mail Stop: C2200, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
Arumugam Manthiram: Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 204 East Dean Keeton Street, Mail Stop: C2200, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.

Nature Communications, 2015, vol. 6, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Lithium–sulphur batteries with a high theoretical energy density are regarded as promising energy storage devices for electric vehicles and large-scale electricity storage. However, the low active material utilization, low sulphur loading and poor cycling stability restrict their practical applications. Herein, we present an effective strategy to obtain Li/polysulphide batteries with high-energy density and long-cyclic life using three-dimensional nitrogen/sulphur codoped graphene sponge electrodes. The nitrogen/sulphur codoped graphene sponge electrode provides enough space for a high sulphur loading, facilitates fast charge transfer and better immobilization of polysulphide ions. The hetero-doped nitrogen/sulphur sites are demonstrated to show strong binding energy and be capable of anchoring polysulphides based on first-principles calculations. As a result, a high specific capacity of 1,200 mAh g−1 at 0.2C rate, a high-rate capacity of 430 mAh g−1 at 2C rate and excellent cycling stability for 500 cycles with ∼0.078% capacity decay per cycle are achieved.

Date: 2015
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8760

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