Dominant oceanic bacteria secure phosphate using a large extracellular buffer

Mikhail V. Zubkov (), Adrian P. Martin, Manuela Hartmann, Carolina Grob and David J. Scanlan
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Mikhail V. Zubkov: National Oceanography Centre, Ocean Biogeochemistry & Ecosystems Research Group
Adrian P. Martin: National Oceanography Centre, Ocean Biogeochemistry & Ecosystems Research Group
Manuela Hartmann: National Oceanography Centre, Ocean Biogeochemistry & Ecosystems Research Group
Carolina Grob: School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick
David J. Scanlan: School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick

Nature Communications, 2015, vol. 6, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract The ubiquitous SAR11 and Prochlorococcus bacteria manage to maintain a sufficient supply of phosphate in phosphate-poor surface waters of the North Atlantic subtropical gyre. Furthermore, it seems that their phosphate uptake may counter-intuitively be lower in more productive tropical waters, as if their cellular demand for phosphate decreases there. By flow sorting 33P-phosphate-pulsed 32P-phosphate-chased cells, we demonstrate that both Prochlorococcus and SAR11 cells exploit an extracellular buffer of labile phosphate up to 5–40 times larger than the amount of phosphate required to replicate their chromosomes. Mathematical modelling is shown to support this conclusion. The fuller the buffer the slower the cellular uptake of phosphate, to the point that in phosphate-replete tropical waters, cells can saturate their buffer and their phosphate uptake becomes marginal. Hence, buffer stocking is a generic, growth-securing adaptation for SAR11 and Prochlorococcus bacteria, which lack internal reserves to reduce their dependency on bioavailable ambient phosphate.

Date: 2015
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8878

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