Origin and dynamics of vortex rings in drop splashing

Ji San Lee, Su Ji Park, Jun Ho Lee, Byung Mook Weon, Kamel Fezzaa and Jung Ho Je ()
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Ji San Lee: X-ray Imaging Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology
Su Ji Park: X-ray Imaging Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology
Jun Ho Lee: X-ray Imaging Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology
Byung Mook Weon: School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University
Kamel Fezzaa: Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory
Jung Ho Je: X-ray Imaging Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology

Nature Communications, 2015, vol. 6, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract A vortex is a flow phenomenon that is very commonly observed in nature. More than a century, a vortex ring that forms during drop splashing has caught the attention of many scientists due to its importance in understanding fluid mixing and mass transport processes. However, the origin of the vortices and their dynamics remain unclear, mostly due to the lack of appropriate visualization methods. Here, with ultrafast X-ray phase-contrast imaging, we show that the formation of vortex rings originates from the energy transfer by capillary waves generated at the moment of the drop impact. Interestingly, we find a row of vortex rings along the drop wall, as demonstrated by a phase diagram established here, with different power-law dependencies of the angular velocities on the Reynolds number. These results provide important insight that allows understanding and modelling any type of vortex rings in nature, beyond just vortex rings during drop splashing.

Date: 2015
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9187

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