Artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum clinical isolates can infect diverse mosquito vectors of Southeast Asia and Africa

Brandyce St. Laurent, Becky Miller, Timothy A. Burton, Chanaki Amaratunga, Sary Men, Siv Sovannaroth, Michael P. Fay, Olivo Miotto, Robert W. Gwadz, Jennifer M. Anderson and Rick M. Fairhurst ()
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Brandyce St. Laurent: Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
Becky Miller: Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
Timothy A. Burton: Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
Chanaki Amaratunga: Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
Sary Men: National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control
Siv Sovannaroth: National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control
Michael P. Fay: Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
Olivo Miotto: Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University
Robert W. Gwadz: Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
Jennifer M. Anderson: Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
Rick M. Fairhurst: Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health

Nature Communications, 2015, vol. 6, issue 1, 1-7

Abstract: Abstract Artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum parasites are rapidly spreading in Southeast Asia, yet nothing is known about their transmission. This knowledge gap and the possibility that these parasites will spread to Africa endanger global efforts to eliminate malaria. Here we produce gametocytes from parasite clinical isolates that displayed artemisinin resistance in patients and in vitro, and use them to infect native and non-native mosquito vectors. We show that contemporary artemisinin-resistant isolates from Cambodia develop and produce sporozoites in two Southeast Asian vectors, Anopheles dirus and Anopheles minimus, and the major African vector, Anopheles coluzzii (formerly Anopheles gambiae M). The ability of artemisinin-resistant parasites to infect such highly diverse Anopheles species, combined with their higher gametocyte prevalence in patients, may explain the rapid expansion of these parasites in Cambodia and neighbouring countries, and further compromise efforts to prevent their global spread.

Date: 2015
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9614

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