Uniform yolk-shell iron sulfide–carbon nanospheres for superior sodium–iron sulfide batteries

Yun-Xiao Wang, Jianping Yang, Shu-Lei Chou (), Hua Kun Liu, Wei-xian Zhang, Dongyuan Zhao () and Shi Xue Dou
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Yun-Xiao Wang: Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong
Jianping Yang: Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong
Shu-Lei Chou: Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong
Hua Kun Liu: Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong
Wei-xian Zhang: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University
Dongyuan Zhao: Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis, iChEM, Fudan University
Shi Xue Dou: Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong

Nature Communications, 2015, vol. 6, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Sodium–metal sulfide battery holds great promise for sustainable and cost-effective applications. Nevertheless, achieving high capacity and cycling stability remains a great challenge. Here, uniform yolk-shell iron sulfide–carbon nanospheres have been synthesized as cathode materials for the emerging sodium sulfide battery to achieve remarkable capacity of ∼545 mA h g−1 over 100 cycles at 0.2 C (100 mA g−1), delivering ultrahigh energy density of ∼438 Wh kg−1. The proven conversion reaction between sodium and iron sulfide results in high capacity but severe volume changes. Nanostructural design, including of nanosized iron sulfide yolks (∼170 nm) with porous carbon shells (∼30 nm) and extra void space (∼20 nm) in between, has been used to achieve excellent cycling performance without sacrificing capacity. This sustainable sodium–iron sulfide battery is a promising candidate for stationary energy storage. Furthermore, this spatially confined sulfuration strategy offers a general method for other yolk-shell metal sulfide–carbon composites.

Date: 2015
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9689

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