Local admixture of amplified and diversified secreted pathogenesis determinants shapes mosaic Toxoplasma gondii genomes

Hernan Lorenzi (), Asis Khan, Michael S. Behnke, Sivaranjani Namasivayam, Lakshmipuram S. Swapna, Michalis Hadjithomas, Svetlana Karamycheva, Deborah Pinney, Brian P. Brunk, James W. Ajioka, Daniel Ajzenberg, John C. Boothroyd, Jon P. Boyle, Marie L. Dardé, Maria A. Diaz-Miranda, Jitender P. Dubey, Heather M. Fritz, Solange M. Gennari, Brian D. Gregory, Kami Kim, Jeroen P. J. Saeij, Chunlei Su, Michael W. White, Xing-Quan Zhu, Daniel K. Howe, Benjamin M. Rosenthal, Michael E. Grigg, John Parkinson, Liang Liu, Jessica C. Kissinger, David S. Roos and L. David Sibley ()
Additional contact information
Hernan Lorenzi: The J. Craig Venter Institute, 9704 Medical Center Drive
Asis Khan: Washington University School of Medicine
Michael S. Behnke: Washington University School of Medicine
Sivaranjani Namasivayam: University of Georgia
Lakshmipuram S. Swapna: Program in Molecular Structure and Function, Hospital for Sick Children
Michalis Hadjithomas: The J. Craig Venter Institute, 9704 Medical Center Drive
Svetlana Karamycheva: The J. Craig Venter Institute, 9704 Medical Center Drive
Deborah Pinney: University of Pennsylvania
Brian P. Brunk: University of Pennsylvania
James W. Ajioka: University of Cambridge
Daniel Ajzenberg: Biological Resource Center for Toxoplasma, INSERM, University Limoges, CHU Limoges, UMR_S 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology
John C. Boothroyd: Stanford School of Medicine
Jon P. Boyle: Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh
Marie L. Dardé: Biological Resource Center for Toxoplasma, INSERM, University Limoges, CHU Limoges, UMR_S 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology
Maria A. Diaz-Miranda: University of Pennsylvania
Jitender P. Dubey: Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA
Heather M. Fritz: Washington State University, College of Veterinary Medicine
Solange M. Gennari: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo
Brian D. Gregory: University of Pennsylvania
Kami Kim: Pathology, and Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Jeroen P. J. Saeij: Microbiology & Immunology, University of California
Chunlei Su: University of Tennessee
Michael W. White: Florida Center for Drug Discovery and Development (CDDI), University of South Florida
Xing-Quan Zhu: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Daniel K. Howe: University of Kentucky
Benjamin M. Rosenthal: Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA
Michael E. Grigg: Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, National Institutes of Health
John Parkinson: Program in Molecular Structure and Function, Hospital for Sick Children
Liang Liu: University of Georgia
Jessica C. Kissinger: University of Georgia
David S. Roos: University of Pennsylvania
L. David Sibley: Washington University School of Medicine

Nature Communications, 2016, vol. 7, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: Abstract Toxoplasma gondii is among the most prevalent parasites worldwide, infecting many wild and domestic animals and causing zoonotic infections in humans. T. gondii differs substantially in its broad distribution from closely related parasites that typically have narrow, specialized host ranges. To elucidate the genetic basis for these differences, we compared the genomes of 62 globally distributed T. gondii isolates to several closely related coccidian parasites. Our findings reveal that tandem amplification and diversification of secretory pathogenesis determinants is the primary feature that distinguishes the closely related genomes of these biologically diverse parasites. We further show that the unusual population structure of T. gondii is characterized by clade-specific inheritance of large conserved haploblocks that are significantly enriched in tandemly clustered secretory pathogenesis determinants. The shared inheritance of these conserved haploblocks, which show a different ancestry than the genome as a whole, may thus influence transmission, host range and pathogenicity.

Date: 2016
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10147

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