Unique features of a global human ectoparasite identified through sequencing of the bed bug genome

Joshua B. Benoit (), Zach N. Adelman, Klaus Reinhardt, Amanda Dolan, Monica Poelchau, Emily C. Jennings, Elise M. Szuter, Richard W. Hagan, Hemant Gujar, Jayendra Nath Shukla, Fang Zhu, M. Mohan, David R. Nelson, Andrew J. Rosendale, Christian Derst, Valentina Resnik, Sebastian Wernig, Pamela Menegazzi, Christian Wegener, Nicolai Peschel, Jacob M. Hendershot, Wolfgang Blenau, Reinhard Predel, Paul R. Johnston, Panagiotis Ioannidis, Robert M. Waterhouse, Ralf Nauen, Corinna Schorn, Mark-Christoph Ott, Frank Maiwald, J. Spencer Johnston, Ameya D. Gondhalekar, Michael E. Scharf, Brittany F. Peterson, Kapil R. Raje, Benjamin A. Hottel, David Armisén, Antonin Jean Johan Crumière, Peter Nagui Refki, Maria Emilia Santos, Essia Sghaier, Sèverine Viala, Abderrahman Khila, Seung-Joon Ahn, Christopher Childers, Chien-Yueh Lee, Han Lin, Daniel S. T. Hughes, Elizabeth J. Duncan, Shwetha C. Murali, Jiaxin Qu, Shannon Dugan, Sandra L. Lee, Hsu Chao, Huyen Dinh, Yi Han, Harshavardhan Doddapaneni, Kim C. Worley, Donna M. Muzny, David Wheeler, Kristen A. Panfilio, Iris M. Vargas Jentzsch, Edward L. Vargo, Warren Booth, Markus Friedrich, Matthew T. Weirauch, Michelle A. E. Anderson, Jeffery W. Jones, Omprakash Mittapalli, Chaoyang Zhao, Jing-Jiang Zhou, Jay D. Evans, Geoffrey M. Attardo, Hugh M. Robertson, Evgeny M. Zdobnov, Jose M. C. Ribeiro, Richard A. Gibbs, John H. Werren, Subba R. Palli, Coby Schal and Stephen Richards ()
Additional contact information
Joshua B. Benoit: University of Cincinnati
Zach N. Adelman: Virginia Tech
Klaus Reinhardt: Applied Zoology, Technische Universitaet Dresden
Amanda Dolan: University of Rochester
Monica Poelchau: National Agricultural Library
Emily C. Jennings: University of Cincinnati
Elise M. Szuter: University of Cincinnati
Richard W. Hagan: University of Cincinnati
Hemant Gujar: University of Kentucky
Jayendra Nath Shukla: University of Kentucky
Fang Zhu: University of Kentucky
M. Mohan: ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Indian Council of Agricultural Research
David R. Nelson: Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center
Andrew J. Rosendale: University of Cincinnati
Christian Derst: Cologne Biocenter and Zoological Institute, University of Cologne
Valentina Resnik: Institut für Bienenkunde (Polytechnische Gesellschaft), Goethe University Frankfurt
Sebastian Wernig: Institut für Bienenkunde (Polytechnische Gesellschaft), Goethe University Frankfurt
Pamela Menegazzi: Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg
Christian Wegener: Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg
Nicolai Peschel: Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg
Jacob M. Hendershot: University of Cincinnati
Wolfgang Blenau: Cologne Biocenter and Zoological Institute, University of Cologne
Reinhard Predel: Cologne Biocenter and Zoological Institute, University of Cologne
Paul R. Johnston: Institute of Biology, Freie Universitaet
Panagiotis Ioannidis: University of Geneva
Robert M. Waterhouse: University of Geneva
Ralf Nauen: Pest Control Biology and Research Technologies, Bayer CropScience AG
Corinna Schorn: Pest Control Biology and Research Technologies, Bayer CropScience AG
Mark-Christoph Ott: Pest Control Biology and Research Technologies, Bayer CropScience AG
Frank Maiwald: Pest Control Biology and Research Technologies, Bayer CropScience AG
J. Spencer Johnston: Texas A&M University
Ameya D. Gondhalekar: Purdue University
Michael E. Scharf: Purdue University
Brittany F. Peterson: Purdue University
Kapil R. Raje: Purdue University
Benjamin A. Hottel: University of Florida
David Armisén: Institue de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, UMR5242-CNRS
Antonin Jean Johan Crumière: Institue de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, UMR5242-CNRS
Peter Nagui Refki: Institue de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, UMR5242-CNRS
Maria Emilia Santos: Institue de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, UMR5242-CNRS
Essia Sghaier: Institue de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, UMR5242-CNRS
Sèverine Viala: Institue de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, UMR5242-CNRS
Abderrahman Khila: Institue de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, UMR5242-CNRS
Seung-Joon Ahn: Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology
Christopher Childers: National Agricultural Library
Chien-Yueh Lee: National Agricultural Library
Han Lin: National Agricultural Library
Daniel S. T. Hughes: Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine
Elizabeth J. Duncan: University of Otago
Shwetha C. Murali: Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine
Jiaxin Qu: Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine
Shannon Dugan: Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine
Sandra L. Lee: Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine
Hsu Chao: Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine
Huyen Dinh: Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine
Yi Han: Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine
Harshavardhan Doddapaneni: Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine
Kim C. Worley: Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine
Donna M. Muzny: Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine
David Wheeler: Institute of Fundamental Science, Massey University
Kristen A. Panfilio: Institute for Developmental Biology, University of Cologne
Iris M. Vargas Jentzsch: Institute for Developmental Biology, University of Cologne
Edward L. Vargo: Texas A&M University
Warren Booth: University of Tulsa
Markus Friedrich: Wayne State University
Matthew T. Weirauch: Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati
Michelle A. E. Anderson: Virginia Tech
Jeffery W. Jones: Wayne State University
Omprakash Mittapalli: The Ohio State University
Chaoyang Zhao: The Ohio State University
Jing-Jiang Zhou: Rothamsted Research, BBSRC Harpenden
Jay D. Evans: United States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service Bee Research Laboratory
Geoffrey M. Attardo: Yale School of Public Health, Yale University
Hugh M. Robertson: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Evgeny M. Zdobnov: University of Geneva
Jose M. C. Ribeiro: Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease
Richard A. Gibbs: Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine
John H. Werren: University of Rochester
Subba R. Palli: University of Kentucky
Coby Schal: North Carolina State University
Stephen Richards: Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine

Nature Communications, 2016, vol. 7, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract The bed bug, Cimex lectularius, has re-established itself as a ubiquitous human ectoparasite throughout much of the world during the past two decades. This global resurgence is likely linked to increased international travel and commerce in addition to widespread insecticide resistance. Analyses of the C. lectularius sequenced genome (650 Mb) and 14,220 predicted protein-coding genes provide a comprehensive representation of genes that are linked to traumatic insemination, a reduced chemosensory repertoire of genes related to obligate hematophagy, host–symbiont interactions, and several mechanisms of insecticide resistance. In addition, we document the presence of multiple putative lateral gene transfer events. Genome sequencing and annotation establish a solid foundation for future research on mechanisms of insecticide resistance, human–bed bug and symbiont–bed bug associations, and unique features of bed bug biology that contribute to the unprecedented success of C. lectularius as a human ectoparasite.

Date: 2016
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10165

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