Genomic insights into the Ixodes scapularis tick vector of Lyme disease

Monika Gulia-Nuss, Andrew B. Nuss, Jason M. Meyer, Daniel E. Sonenshine, R. Michael Roe, Robert M. Waterhouse, David B. Sattelle, José de la Fuente, Jose M. Ribeiro, Karine Megy, Jyothi Thimmapuram, Jason R. Miller, Brian P. Walenz, Sergey Koren, Jessica B. Hostetler, Mathangi Thiagarajan, Vinita S. Joardar, Linda I. Hannick, Shelby Bidwell, Martin P. Hammond, Sarah Young, Qiandong Zeng, Jenica L. Abrudan, Francisca C. Almeida, Nieves Ayllón, Ketaki Bhide, Brooke W. Bissinger, Elena Bonzon-Kulichenko, Steven D. Buckingham, Daniel R. Caffrey, Melissa J. Caimano, Vincent Croset, Timothy Driscoll, Don Gilbert, Joseph J. Gillespie, Gloria I. Giraldo-Calderón, Jeffrey M. Grabowski, David Jiang, Sayed M. S. Khalil, Donghun Kim, Katherine M. Kocan, Juraj Koči, Richard J. Kuhn, Timothy J. Kurtti, Kristin Lees, Emma G. Lang, Ryan C. Kennedy, Hyeogsun Kwon, Rushika Perera, Yumin Qi, Justin D. Radolf, Joyce M. Sakamoto, Alejandro Sánchez-Gracia, Maiara S. Severo, Neal Silverman, Ladislav Šimo, Marta Tojo, Cristian Tornador, Janice P. Van Zee, Jesús Vázquez, Filipe G. Vieira, Margarita Villar, Adam R. Wespiser, Yunlong Yang, Jiwei Zhu, Peter Arensburger, Patricia V. Pietrantonio, Stephen C. Barker, Renfu Shao, Evgeny M. Zdobnov, Frank Hauser, Cornelis J. P. Grimmelikhuijzen, Yoonseong Park, Julio Rozas, Richard Benton, Joao H. F. Pedra, David R. Nelson, Maria F. Unger, Jose M. C. Tubio, Zhijian Tu, Hugh M. Robertson, Martin Shumway, Granger Sutton, Jennifer R. Wortman, Daniel Lawson, Stephen K. Wikel, Vishvanath M. Nene, Claire M. Fraser, Frank H. Collins, Bruce Birren, Karen E. Nelson, Elisabet Caler and Catherine A. Hill ()
Additional contact information
Monika Gulia-Nuss: Purdue University
Andrew B. Nuss: Purdue University
Jason M. Meyer: Purdue University
Daniel E. Sonenshine: Old Dominion University
R. Michael Roe: North Carolina State University
Robert M. Waterhouse: University of Geneva Medical School
David B. Sattelle: Centre for Respiratory Biology, University College London
José de la Fuente: SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo sn
Jose M. Ribeiro: Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, NIAID
Karine Megy: VectorBase/EMBL-EBI, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
Jyothi Thimmapuram: Bioinformatics Core, Purdue University
Jason R. Miller: J. Craig Venter Institute
Brian P. Walenz: J. Craig Venter Institute
Sergey Koren: J. Craig Venter Institute
Jessica B. Hostetler: J. Craig Venter Institute
Mathangi Thiagarajan: J. Craig Venter Institute
Vinita S. Joardar: J. Craig Venter Institute
Linda I. Hannick: J. Craig Venter Institute
Shelby Bidwell: J. Craig Venter Institute
Martin P. Hammond: VectorBase/EMBL-EBI, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
Sarah Young: Genome Sequencing and Analysis Program, Broad Institute
Qiandong Zeng: Genome Sequencing and Analysis Program, Broad Institute
Jenica L. Abrudan: University of Notre Dame
Francisca C. Almeida: Departament de Genètica & Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona
Nieves Ayllón: SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo sn
Ketaki Bhide: Bioinformatics Core, Purdue University
Brooke W. Bissinger: North Carolina State University
Elena Bonzon-Kulichenko: Vascular Physiopathology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares
Steven D. Buckingham: Centre for Respiratory Biology, University College London
Daniel R. Caffrey: University of Massachusetts Medical School
Melissa J. Caimano: University of Connecticut Health Center
Vincent Croset: Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne
Timothy Driscoll: Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology Program, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute at Virginia Tech
Don Gilbert: Indiana University
Joseph J. Gillespie: Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology Program, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute at Virginia Tech
Gloria I. Giraldo-Calderón: Purdue University
Jeffrey M. Grabowski: Purdue University
David Jiang: Virginia Tech
Sayed M. S. Khalil: Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute
Donghun Kim: Texas A&M University
Katherine M. Kocan: Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University
Juraj Koči: Kansas State University
Richard J. Kuhn: Markey Center for Structural Biology, Purdue University
Timothy J. Kurtti: University of Minnesota
Kristin Lees: Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester
Emma G. Lang: Purdue University
Ryan C. Kennedy: University of California
Hyeogsun Kwon: Texas A&M University
Rushika Perera: Markey Center for Structural Biology, Purdue University
Yumin Qi: Virginia Tech
Justin D. Radolf: University of Connecticut Health Center
Joyce M. Sakamoto: The Pennsylvania State University
Alejandro Sánchez-Gracia: Departament de Genètica & Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona
Maiara S. Severo: Center for Disease Vector Research, University of California
Neal Silverman: University of Massachusetts Medical School
Ladislav Šimo: Kansas State University
Marta Tojo: Cambridge Genomic Services, University of Cambridge
Cristian Tornador: Universidad Pompeu Fabra
Janice P. Van Zee: Purdue University
Jesús Vázquez: Vascular Physiopathology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares
Filipe G. Vieira: Departament de Genètica & Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona
Margarita Villar: SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo sn
Adam R. Wespiser: University of Massachusetts Medical School
Yunlong Yang: Texas A&M University
Jiwei Zhu: North Carolina State University
Peter Arensburger: California State Polytechnic University
Patricia V. Pietrantonio: Texas A&M University
Stephen C. Barker: Parasitology Section, School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland
Renfu Shao: GeneCology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast
Evgeny M. Zdobnov: University of Geneva Medical School
Frank Hauser: Center for Functional and Comparative Insect Genomics, University of Copenhagen
Cornelis J. P. Grimmelikhuijzen: Center for Functional and Comparative Insect Genomics, University of Copenhagen
Yoonseong Park: Kansas State University
Julio Rozas: Departament de Genètica & Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona
Richard Benton: Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne
Joao H. F. Pedra: Center for Disease Vector Research, University of California
David R. Nelson: Immunology & Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center
Maria F. Unger: University of Notre Dame
Jose M. C. Tubio: Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute
Zhijian Tu: Virginia Tech
Hugh M. Robertson: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Martin Shumway: J. Craig Venter Institute
Granger Sutton: J. Craig Venter Institute
Jennifer R. Wortman: J. Craig Venter Institute
Daniel Lawson: VectorBase/EMBL-EBI, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
Stephen K. Wikel: Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine at Quinnipiac University
Vishvanath M. Nene: J. Craig Venter Institute
Claire M. Fraser: Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland, School of Medicine
Frank H. Collins: University of Notre Dame
Bruce Birren: The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
Karen E. Nelson: J. Craig Venter Institute
Elisabet Caler: J. Craig Venter Institute
Catherine A. Hill: Purdue University

Nature Communications, 2016, vol. 7, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: Abstract Ticks transmit more pathogens to humans and animals than any other arthropod. We describe the 2.1 Gbp nuclear genome of the tick, Ixodes scapularis (Say), which vectors pathogens that cause Lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, babesiosis and other diseases. The large genome reflects accumulation of repetitive DNA, new lineages of retro-transposons, and gene architecture patterns resembling ancient metazoans rather than pancrustaceans. Annotation of scaffolds representing ∼57% of the genome, reveals 20,486 protein-coding genes and expansions of gene families associated with tick–host interactions. We report insights from genome analyses into parasitic processes unique to ticks, including host ‘questing’, prolonged feeding, cuticle synthesis, blood meal concentration, novel methods of haemoglobin digestion, haem detoxification, vitellogenesis and prolonged off-host survival. We identify proteins associated with the agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, an emerging disease, and the encephalitis-causing Langat virus, and a population structure correlated to life-history traits and transmission of the Lyme disease agent.

Date: 2016
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10507

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