Chlamydia trachomatis from Australian Aboriginal people with trachoma are polyphyletic composed of multiple distinctive lineages

Patiyan Andersson, Simon R. Harris, Helena M. B. Seth Smith, James Hadfield, Colette O’Neill, Lesley T. Cutcliffe, Fiona P. Douglas, L. Valerie Asche, John D. Mathews, Susan I. Hutton, Derek S. Sarovich, Steven Y. C. Tong, Ian N. Clarke, Nicholas R. Thomson () and Philip M. Giffard ()
Additional contact information
Patiyan Andersson: Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University
Simon R. Harris: Pathogen Variation Programme, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
Helena M. B. Seth Smith: Pathogen Variation Programme, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
James Hadfield: Pathogen Variation Programme, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
Colette O’Neill: Molecular Microbiology Group, University Medical School, Southampton General Hospital
Lesley T. Cutcliffe: Molecular Microbiology Group, University Medical School, Southampton General Hospital
Fiona P. Douglas: Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University
L. Valerie Asche: Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University
John D. Mathews: Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University
Susan I. Hutton: Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University
Derek S. Sarovich: Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University
Steven Y. C. Tong: Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University
Ian N. Clarke: Molecular Microbiology Group, University Medical School, Southampton General Hospital
Nicholas R. Thomson: Pathogen Variation Programme, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
Philip M. Giffard: Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University

Nature Communications, 2016, vol. 7, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Chlamydia trachomatis causes sexually transmitted infections and the blinding disease trachoma. Current data on C. trachomatis phylogeny show that there is only a single trachoma-causing clade, which is distinct from the lineages causing urogenital tract (UGT) and lymphogranuloma venerum diseases. Here we report the whole-genome sequences of ocular C. trachomatis isolates obtained from young children with clinical signs of trachoma in a trachoma endemic region of northern Australia. The isolates form two lineages that fall outside the classical trachoma lineage, instead being placed within UGT clades of the C. trachomatis phylogenetic tree. The Australian trachoma isolates appear to be recombinants with UGT C. trachomatis genome backbones, in which loci that encode immunodominant surface proteins (ompA and pmpEFGH) have been replaced by those characteristic of classical ocular isolates. This suggests that ocular tropism and association with trachoma are functionally associated with some sequence variants of ompA and pmpEFGH.

Date: 2016
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10688

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