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Fast and sensitive mapping of nanopore sequencing reads with GraphMap

Ivan Sović, Mile Šikić, Andreas Wilm, Shannon Nicole Fenlon, Swaine Chen and Niranjan Nagarajan ()
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Ivan Sović: Computational & Systems Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, #02-01 Genome, Singapore 138672, Singapore
Mile Šikić: Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb
Andreas Wilm: Computational & Systems Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, #02-01 Genome, Singapore 138672, Singapore
Shannon Nicole Fenlon: Computational & Systems Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, #02-01 Genome, Singapore 138672, Singapore
Swaine Chen: Computational & Systems Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, #02-01 Genome, Singapore 138672, Singapore
Niranjan Nagarajan: Computational & Systems Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, #02-01 Genome, Singapore 138672, Singapore

Nature Communications, 2016, vol. 7, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Realizing the democratic promise of nanopore sequencing requires the development of new bioinformatics approaches to deal with its specific error characteristics. Here we present GraphMap, a mapping algorithm designed to analyse nanopore sequencing reads, which progressively refines candidate alignments to robustly handle potentially high-error rates and a fast graph traversal to align long reads with speed and high precision (>95%). Evaluation on MinION sequencing data sets against short- and long-read mappers indicates that GraphMap increases mapping sensitivity by 10–80% and maps >95% of bases. GraphMap alignments enabled single-nucleotide variant calling on the human genome with increased sensitivity (15%) over the next best mapper, precise detection of structural variants from length 100 bp to 4 kbp, and species and strain-specific identification of pathogens using MinION reads. GraphMap is available open source under the MIT license at https://github.com/isovic/graphmap .

Date: 2016
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11307

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