Laser spectroscopic probing of coexisting superfluid and insulating states of an atomic Bose–Hubbard system

Shinya Kato (), Kensuke Inaba, Seiji Sugawa, Kosuke Shibata, Ryuta Yamamoto, Makoto Yamashita and Yoshiro Takahashi
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Shinya Kato: Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University
Kensuke Inaba: NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation
Seiji Sugawa: Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University
Kosuke Shibata: Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University
Ryuta Yamamoto: Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University
Makoto Yamashita: NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation
Yoshiro Takahashi: Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University

Nature Communications, 2016, vol. 7, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract A system of ultracold atoms in an optical lattice has been regarded as an ideal quantum simulator for a Hubbard model with extremely high controllability of the system parameters. While making use of the controllability, a comprehensive measurement across the weakly to strongly interacting regimes in the Hubbard model to discuss the quantum many-body state is still limited. Here we observe a great change in the excitation energy spectra across the two regimes in an atomic Bose–Hubbard system by using a spectroscopic technique, which can resolve the site occupancy in the lattice. By quantitatively comparing the observed spectra and numerical simulations based on sum rule relations and a binary fluid treatment under a finite temperature Gutzwiller approximation, we show that the spectra reflect the coexistence of a delocalized superfluid state and a localized insulating state across the two regimes.

Date: 2016
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11341

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