Strong nonlinear terahertz response induced by Dirac surface states in Bi2Se3 topological insulator

Flavio Giorgianni, Enrica Chiadroni, Andrea Rovere, Mariangela Cestelli-Guidi, Andrea Perucchi, Marco Bellaveglia, Michele Castellano, Domenico Di Giovenale, Giampiero Di Pirro, Massimo Ferrario, Riccardo Pompili, Cristina Vaccarezza, Fabio Villa, Alessandro Cianchi, Andrea Mostacci, Massimo Petrarca, Matthew Brahlek, Nikesh Koirala, Seongshik Oh and Stefano Lupi ()
Additional contact information
Flavio Giorgianni: Università di Roma ‘La Sapienza’
Enrica Chiadroni: Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati—INFN
Andrea Rovere: Università di Roma ‘La Sapienza’
Mariangela Cestelli-Guidi: Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati—INFN
Andrea Perucchi: INSTM Udr Trieste-ST and Elettra—Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A, Area Science Park
Marco Bellaveglia: Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati—INFN
Michele Castellano: Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati—INFN
Domenico Di Giovenale: Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati—INFN
Giampiero Di Pirro: Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati—INFN
Massimo Ferrario: Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati—INFN
Riccardo Pompili: Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati—INFN
Cristina Vaccarezza: Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati—INFN
Fabio Villa: Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati—INFN
Alessandro Cianchi: Università di Roma ‘Tor Vergata’, viale della Ricerca Scientifica 1
Andrea Mostacci: Università di Roma ‘La Sapienza’
Massimo Petrarca: Università di Roma ‘La Sapienza’
Matthew Brahlek: The State University of New Jersey
Nikesh Koirala: The State University of New Jersey
Seongshik Oh: The State University of New Jersey
Stefano Lupi: Università di Roma ‘La Sapienza’

Nature Communications, 2016, vol. 7, issue 1, 1-6

Abstract: Abstract Electrons with a linear energy/momentum dispersion are called massless Dirac electrons and represent the low-energy excitations in exotic materials such as graphene and topological insulators. Dirac electrons are characterized by notable properties such as a high mobility, a tunable density and, in topological insulators, a protection against backscattering through the spin–momentum locking mechanism. All those properties make graphene and topological insulators appealing for plasmonics applications. However, Dirac electrons are expected to present also a strong nonlinear optical behaviour. This should mirror in phenomena such as electromagnetic-induced transparency and harmonic generation. Here we demonstrate that in Bi2Se3 topological insulator, an electromagnetic-induced transparency is achieved under the application of a strong terahertz electric field. This effect, concomitantly determined by harmonic generation and charge-mobility reduction, is exclusively related to the presence of Dirac electron at the surface of Bi2Se3, and opens the road towards tunable terahertz nonlinear optical devices based on topological insulator materials.

Date: 2016
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11421

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