Size quantization of Dirac fermions in graphene constrictions

B. Terrés, L. A. Chizhova, F. Libisch (), J. Peiro, D. Jörger, S. Engels, A. Girschik, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, S. V. Rotkin, J. Burgdörfer and C. Stampfer ()
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B. Terrés: JARA-FIT and 2nd Institute of Physics, RWTH Aachen University
L. A. Chizhova: Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology
F. Libisch: Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology
J. Peiro: JARA-FIT and 2nd Institute of Physics, RWTH Aachen University
D. Jörger: JARA-FIT and 2nd Institute of Physics, RWTH Aachen University
S. Engels: JARA-FIT and 2nd Institute of Physics, RWTH Aachen University
A. Girschik: Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology
K. Watanabe: National Institute for Materials Science
T. Taniguchi: National Institute for Materials Science
S. V. Rotkin: JARA-FIT and 2nd Institute of Physics, RWTH Aachen University
J. Burgdörfer: Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology
C. Stampfer: JARA-FIT and 2nd Institute of Physics, RWTH Aachen University

Nature Communications, 2016, vol. 7, issue 1, 1-7

Abstract: Abstract Quantum point contacts are cornerstones of mesoscopic physics and central building blocks for quantum electronics. Although the Fermi wavelength in high-quality bulk graphene can be tuned up to hundreds of nanometres, the observation of quantum confinement of Dirac electrons in nanostructured graphene has proven surprisingly challenging. Here we show ballistic transport and quantized conductance of size-confined Dirac fermions in lithographically defined graphene constrictions. At high carrier densities, the observed conductance agrees excellently with the Landauer theory of ballistic transport without any adjustable parameter. Experimental data and simulations for the evolution of the conductance with magnetic field unambiguously confirm the identification of size quantization in the constriction. Close to the charge neutrality point, bias voltage spectroscopy reveals a renormalized Fermi velocity of ∼1.5 × 106 m s−1 in our constrictions. Moreover, at low carrier density transport measurements allow probing the density of localized states at edges, thus offering a unique handle on edge physics in graphene devices.

Date: 2016
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11528

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