Human islets contain four distinct subtypes of β cells

Craig Dorrell (), Jonathan Schug, Pamela S. Canaday, Holger A. Russ, Branden D. Tarlow, Maria T. Grompe, Tamara Horton, Matthias Hebrok, Philip R. Streeter, Klaus H. Kaestner and Markus Grompe
Additional contact information
Craig Dorrell: Oregon Stem Cell Center, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road
Jonathan Schug: Obesity, and Metabolism; University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Pamela S. Canaday: Oregon Stem Cell Center, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road
Holger A. Russ: Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco
Branden D. Tarlow: Oregon Stem Cell Center, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road
Maria T. Grompe: Oregon Stem Cell Center, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road
Tamara Horton: Oregon Stem Cell Center, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road
Matthias Hebrok: Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco
Philip R. Streeter: Oregon Stem Cell Center, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road
Klaus H. Kaestner: Obesity, and Metabolism; University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Markus Grompe: Oregon Stem Cell Center, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road

Nature Communications, 2016, vol. 7, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Human pancreatic islets of Langerhans contain five distinct endocrine cell types, each producing a characteristic hormone. The dysfunction or loss of the insulin-producing β cells causes diabetes mellitus, a disease that harms millions. Until now, β cells were generally regarded as a single, homogenous cell population. Here we identify four antigenically distinct subtypes of human β cells, which we refer to as β1–4, and which are distinguished by differential expression of ST8SIA1 and CD9. These subpopulations are always present in normal adult islets and have diverse gene expression profiles and distinct basal and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Importantly, the β cell subtype distribution is profoundly altered in type 2 diabetes. These data suggest that this antigenically defined β cell heterogeneity is functionally and likely medically relevant.

Date: 2016
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11756

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