Stabilizing lithium metal using ionic liquids for long-lived batteries

A. Basile, A. I. Bhatt () and A. P. O’Mullane ()
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A. Basile: School of Applied Sciences, Applied Chemistry, RMIT University
A. I. Bhatt: Energy Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Clayton
A. P. O’Mullane: School of Applied Sciences, Applied Chemistry, RMIT University

Nature Communications, 2016, vol. 7, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Suppressing dendrite formation at lithium metal anodes during cycling is critical for the implementation of future lithium metal-based battery technology. Here we report that it can be achieved via the facile process of immersing the electrodes in ionic liquid electrolytes for a period of time before battery assembly. This creates a durable and lithium ion-permeable solid–electrolyte interphase that allows safe charge–discharge cycling of commercially applicable Li|electrolyte|LiFePO4 batteries for 1,000 cycles with Coulombic efficiencies >99.5%. The tailored solid–electrolyte interphase is prepared using a variety of electrolytes based on the N-propyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide room temperature ionic liquid containing lithium salts. The formation is both time- and lithium salt-dependant, showing dynamic morphology changes, which when optimized prevent dendrite formation and consumption of electrolyte during cycling. This work illustrates that a simple, effective and industrially applicable lithium metal pretreatment process results in a commercially viable cycle life for a lithium metal battery.

Date: 2016
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11794

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