A continuum of admixture in the Western Hemisphere revealed by the African Diaspora genome

Rasika Ann Mathias, Margaret A. Taub, Christopher R. Gignoux, Wenqing Fu, Shaila Musharoff, Timothy D. O'Connor, Candelaria Vergara, Dara G. Torgerson, Maria Pino-Yanes, Suyash S. Shringarpure, Lili Huang, Nicholas Rafaels, Meher Preethi Boorgula, Henry Richard Johnston, Victor E. Ortega, Albert M. Levin, Wei Song, Raul Torres, Badri Padhukasahasram, Celeste Eng, Delmy-Aracely Mejia-Mejia, Trevor Ferguson, Zhaohui S. Qin, Alan F. Scott, Maria Yazdanbakhsh, James G. Wilson, Javier Marrugo, Leslie A. Lange, Rajesh Kumar, Pedro C. Avila, L. Keoki Williams, Harold Watson, Lorraine B. Ware, Christopher Olopade, Olufunmilayo Olopade, Ricardo Oliveira, Carole Ober, Dan L. Nicolae, Deborah Meyers, Alvaro Mayorga, Jennifer Knight-Madden, Tina Hartert, Nadia N. Hansel, Marilyn G. Foreman, Jean G. Ford, Mezbah U. Faruque, Georgia M. Dunston, Luis Caraballo, Esteban G. Burchard, Eugene Bleecker, Maria Ilma Araujo, Edwin Francisco Herrera-Paz, Kimberly Gietzen, Wendy E. Grus, Michael Bamshad, Carlos D. Bustamante, Eimear E. Kenny, Ryan D. Hernandez, Terri H. Beaty, Ingo Ruczinski, Joshua Akey and Kathleen C. Barnes ()
Additional contact information
Rasika Ann Mathias: Johns Hopkins University
Margaret A. Taub: Bloomberg School of Public Health, JHU
Christopher R. Gignoux: Stanford University School of Medicine
Wenqing Fu: University of Washington
Shaila Musharoff: Stanford University School of Medicine
Timothy D. O'Connor: Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine
Candelaria Vergara: Johns Hopkins University
Dara G. Torgerson: University of California, San Francisco
Maria Pino-Yanes: University of California, San Francisco
Suyash S. Shringarpure: Stanford University School of Medicine
Lili Huang: Johns Hopkins University
Nicholas Rafaels: Johns Hopkins University
Meher Preethi Boorgula: Johns Hopkins University
Henry Richard Johnston: Emory University
Victor E. Ortega: Center for Human Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine
Albert M. Levin: Henry Ford Health System
Wei Song: Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine
Raul Torres: Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco
Badri Padhukasahasram: Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research, Henry Ford Health System
Celeste Eng: University of California, San Francisco
Delmy-Aracely Mejia-Mejia: Centro de Neumologia y Alergias
Trevor Ferguson: Tropical Medicine Research Institute, The University of the West Indies
Zhaohui S. Qin: Emory University
Alan F. Scott: Johns Hopkins University
Maria Yazdanbakhsh: Leiden University Medical Center
James G. Wilson: University of Mississippi Medical Center
Javier Marrugo: Instituto de Investigaciones Immunologicas, Universidad de Cartagena
Leslie A. Lange: University of North Carolina
Rajesh Kumar: Northwestern University
Pedro C. Avila: Northwestern University
L. Keoki Williams: Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research, Henry Ford Health System
Harold Watson: Faculty of Medical Sciences Cave Hill Campus, The University of the West Indies
Lorraine B. Ware: Vanderbilt University
Christopher Olopade: University of Chicago
Olufunmilayo Olopade: University of Chicago
Ricardo Oliveira: Laboratório de Patologia Experimental, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz
Carole Ober: University of Chicago
Dan L. Nicolae: University of Chicago
Deborah Meyers: Center for Human Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine
Alvaro Mayorga: Centro de Neumologia y Alergias
Jennifer Knight-Madden: Tropical Medicine Research Institute, The University of the West Indies
Tina Hartert: Vanderbilt University
Nadia N. Hansel: Johns Hopkins University
Marilyn G. Foreman: Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine
Jean G. Ford: Bloomberg School of Public Health, JHU
Mezbah U. Faruque: National Human Genome Center, Howard University College of Medicine
Georgia M. Dunston: National Human Genome Center, Howard University College of Medicine
Luis Caraballo: Institute for Immunological Research, Universidad de Cartagena
Esteban G. Burchard: University of California, San Francisco
Eugene Bleecker: Center for Human Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine
Maria Ilma Araujo: Immunology Service, Universidade Federal da Bahia
Edwin Francisco Herrera-Paz: Centro de Neumologia y Alergias
Kimberly Gietzen: Illumina, Inc.
Wendy E. Grus: Knome Inc.
Michael Bamshad: University of Washington
Carlos D. Bustamante: Stanford University School of Medicine
Eimear E. Kenny: Stanford University School of Medicine
Ryan D. Hernandez: University of California, San Francisco
Terri H. Beaty: Bloomberg School of Public Health, JHU
Ingo Ruczinski: Bloomberg School of Public Health, JHU
Joshua Akey: University of Washington
Kathleen C. Barnes: Johns Hopkins University

Nature Communications, 2016, vol. 7, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract The African Diaspora in the Western Hemisphere represents one of the largest forced migrations in history and had a profound impact on genetic diversity in modern populations. To date, the fine-scale population structure of descendants of the African Diaspora remains largely uncharacterized. Here we present genetic variation from deeply sequenced genomes of 642 individuals from North and South American, Caribbean and West African populations, substantially increasing the lexicon of human genomic variation and suggesting much variation remains to be discovered in African-admixed populations in the Americas. We summarize genetic variation in these populations, quantifying the postcolonial sex-biased European gene flow across multiple regions. Moreover, we refine estimates on the burden of deleterious variants carried across populations and how this varies with African ancestry. Our data are an important resource for empowering disease mapping studies in African-admixed individuals and will facilitate gene discovery for diseases disproportionately affecting individuals of African ancestry.

Date: 2016
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12522

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