Simple direct formation of self-assembled N-heterocyclic carbene monolayers on gold and their application in biosensing

Cathleen M. Crudden (), J. Hugh Horton (), Mina R. Narouz, Zhijun Li, Christene A. Smith, Kim Munro, Christopher J. Baddeley, Christian R. Larrea, Benedict Drevniok, Bheeshmon Thanabalasingam, Alastair B. McLean, Olena V. Zenkina, Iraklii I. Ebralidze, Zhe She, Heinz-Bernhard Kraatz, Nicholas J. Mosey, Lisa N. Saunders and Akiko Yagi
Additional contact information
Cathleen M. Crudden: Queen’s University
J. Hugh Horton: Queen’s University
Mina R. Narouz: Queen’s University
Zhijun Li: Queen’s University
Christene A. Smith: Queen’s University
Kim Munro: Protein Function Discovery Facility, Queen’s University
Christopher J. Baddeley: EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews
Christian R. Larrea: EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews
Benedict Drevniok: Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen’s University
Bheeshmon Thanabalasingam: Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen’s University
Alastair B. McLean: Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen’s University
Olena V. Zenkina: Queen’s University
Iraklii I. Ebralidze: Queen’s University
Zhe She: University of Toronto Scarborough
Heinz-Bernhard Kraatz: University of Toronto Scarborough
Nicholas J. Mosey: Queen’s University
Lisa N. Saunders: Queen’s University
Akiko Yagi: Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University

Nature Communications, 2016, vol. 7, issue 1, 1-7

Abstract: Abstract The formation of organic films on gold employing N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) has been previously shown to be a useful strategy for generating stable organic films. However, NHCs or NHC precursors typically require inert atmosphere and harsh conditions for their generation and use. Herein we describe the use of benzimidazolium hydrogen carbonates as bench stable solid precursors for the preparation of NHC films in solution or by vapour-phase deposition from the solid state. The ability to prepare these films by vapour-phase deposition permitted the analysis of the films by a variety of surface science techniques, resulting in the first measurement of NHC desorption energy (158±10 kJ mol−1) and confirmation that the NHC sits upright on the surface. The use of these films in surface plasmon resonance-type biosensing is described, where they provide specific advantages versus traditional thiol-based films.

Date: 2016
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12654

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