Highly tunable refractive index visible-light metasurface from block copolymer self-assembly

Ju Young Kim, Hyowook Kim, Bong Hoon Kim, Taeyong Chang, Joonwon Lim, Hyeong Min Jin, Jeong Ho Mun, Young Joo Choi, Kyungjae Chung, Jonghwa Shin (), Shanhui Fan and Sang Ouk Kim ()
Additional contact information
Ju Young Kim: National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, KAIST
Hyowook Kim: KAIST
Bong Hoon Kim: National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, KAIST
Taeyong Chang: KAIST
Joonwon Lim: National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, KAIST
Hyeong Min Jin: National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, KAIST
Jeong Ho Mun: National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, KAIST
Young Joo Choi: National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, KAIST
Kyungjae Chung: KAIST
Jonghwa Shin: KAIST
Shanhui Fan: Stanford University
Sang Ouk Kim: National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, KAIST

Nature Communications, 2016, vol. 7, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract The refractive index of natural transparent materials is limited to 2–3 throughout the visible wavelength range. Wider controllability of the refractive index is desired for novel optical applications such as nanoimaging and integrated photonics. We report that metamaterials consisting of period and symmetry-tunable self-assembled nanopatterns can provide a controllable refractive index medium for a broad wavelength range, including the visible region. Our approach exploits the independent control of permeability and permittivity with nanoscale objects smaller than the skin depth. The precise manipulation of the interobject distance in block copolymer nanopatterns via pattern shrinkage increased the effective refractive index up to 5.10. The effective refractive index remains above 3.0 over more than 1,000 nm wavelength bandwidth. Spatially graded and anisotropic refractive indices are also obtained with the design of transitional and rotational symmetry modification.

Date: 2016
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12911

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