Highly durable organic electrode for sodium-ion batteries via a stabilized α-C radical intermediate

Shaofei Wu, Wenxi Wang, Minchan Li, Lujie Cao, Fucong Lyu, Mingyang Yang, Zhenyu Wang, Yang Shi, Bo Nan, Sicen Yu, Zhifang Sun, Yao Liu and Zhouguang Lu ()
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Shaofei Wu: South University of Science and Technology of China
Wenxi Wang: South University of Science and Technology of China
Minchan Li: South University of Science and Technology of China
Lujie Cao: South University of Science and Technology of China
Fucong Lyu: South University of Science and Technology of China
Mingyang Yang: South University of Science and Technology of China
Zhenyu Wang: South University of Science and Technology of China
Yang Shi: South University of Science and Technology of China
Bo Nan: South University of Science and Technology of China
Sicen Yu: South University of Science and Technology of China
Zhifang Sun: South University of Science and Technology of China
Yao Liu: South University of Science and Technology of China
Zhouguang Lu: South University of Science and Technology of China

Nature Communications, 2016, vol. 7, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract It is a challenge to prepare organic electrodes for sodium-ion batteries with long cycle life and high capacity. The highly reactive radical intermediates generated during the sodiation/desodiation process could be a critical issue because of undesired side reactions. Here we present durable electrodes with a stabilized α-C radical intermediate. Through the resonance effect as well as steric effects, the excessive reactivity of the unpaired electron is successfully suppressed, thus developing an electrode with stable cycling for over 2,000 cycles with 96.8% capacity retention. In addition, the α-radical demonstrates reversible transformation between three states: C=C; α-C·radical; and α-C− anion. Such transformation provides additional Na+ storage equal to more than 0.83 Na+ insertion per α-C radical for the electrodes. The strategy of intermediate radical stabilization could be enlightening in the design of organic electrodes with enhanced cycling life and energy storage capability.

Date: 2016
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13318

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