A hyperaccumulation pathway to three-dimensional hierarchical porous nanocomposites for highly robust high-power electrodes

Jian Zhu, Yu Shan, Tao Wang, Hongtao Sun, Zipeng Zhao, Lin Mei, Zheng Fan, Zhi Xu, Imran Shakir, Yu Huang, Bingan Lu () and Xiangfeng Duan ()
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Jian Zhu: State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry Hunan University, and School of Physics and Electronics
Yu Shan: Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences
Tao Wang: State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry Hunan University, and School of Physics and Electronics
Hongtao Sun: University of California
Zipeng Zhao: University of California
Lin Mei: State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry Hunan University, and School of Physics and Electronics
Zheng Fan: University of California
Zhi Xu: State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry Hunan University, and School of Physics and Electronics
Imran Shakir: Sustainable Energy Technologies Centre, College of Engineering, King Saud University
Yu Huang: University of California
Bingan Lu: State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry Hunan University, and School of Physics and Electronics
Xiangfeng Duan: University of California

Nature Communications, 2016, vol. 7, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract Natural plants consist of a hierarchical architecture featuring an intricate network of highly interconnected struts and channels that not only ensure extraordinary structural stability, but also allow efficient transport of nutrients and electrolytes throughout the entire plants. Here we show that a hyperaccumulation effect can allow efficient enrichment of selected metal ions (for example, Sn2+, Mn2+) in the halophytic plants, which can then be converted into three-dimensional carbon/metal oxide (3DC/MOx) nanocomposites with both the composition and structure hierarchy. The nanocomposites retain the 3D hierarchical porous network structure, with ultrafine MOx nanoparticles uniformly distributed in multi-layers of carbon derived from the cell wall, cytomembrane and tonoplast. It can simultaneously ensure efficient electron and ion transport and help withstand the mechanical stress during the repeated electrochemical cycles, enabling the active material to combine high specific capacities typical of batteries and the cycling stability of supercapacitors.

Date: 2016
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13432

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