Annually resolved North Atlantic marine climate over the last millennium

D. J. Reynolds (), J. D. Scourse, P. R. Halloran, A. J. Nederbragt, A. D. Wanamaker, P. G. Butler, C. A. Richardson, J. Heinemeier, J. Eiríksson, K. L. Knudsen and I. R. Hall
Additional contact information
D. J. Reynolds: School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University
J. D. Scourse: School of Ocean Sciences, College of Natural Science, Bangor University
P. R. Halloran: College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter
A. J. Nederbragt: School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University
A. D. Wanamaker: Iowa State University
P. G. Butler: School of Ocean Sciences, College of Natural Science, Bangor University
C. A. Richardson: School of Ocean Sciences, College of Natural Science, Bangor University
J. Heinemeier: Aarhus AMS Centre, Aarhus University
J. Eiríksson: Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland
K. L. Knudsen: Aarhus University
I. R. Hall: School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University

Nature Communications, 2016, vol. 7, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Owing to the lack of absolutely dated oceanographic information before the modern instrumental period, there is currently significant debate as to the role played by North Atlantic Ocean dynamics in previous climate transitions (for example, Medieval Climate Anomaly-Little Ice Age, MCA-LIA). Here we present analyses of a millennial-length, annually resolved and absolutely dated marine δ18O archive. We interpret our record of oxygen isotope ratios from the shells of the long-lived marine bivalve Arctica islandica (δ18O-shell), from the North Icelandic shelf, in relation to seawater density variability and demonstrate that solar and volcanic forcing coupled with ocean circulation dynamics are key drivers of climate variability over the last millennium. During the pre-industrial period (AD 1000–1800) variability in the sub-polar North Atlantic leads changes in Northern Hemisphere surface air temperatures at multi-decadal timescales, indicating that North Atlantic Ocean dynamics played an active role in modulating the response of the atmosphere to solar and volcanic forcing.

Date: 2016
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13502

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