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Imaging electric field dynamics with graphene optoelectronics

Jason Horng, Halleh B. Balch, Allister F. McGuire, Hsin-Zon Tsai, Patrick R. Forrester, Michael F. Crommie, Bianxiao Cui and Feng Wang ()
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Jason Horng: University of California Berkeley
Halleh B. Balch: University of California Berkeley
Allister F. McGuire: Stanford University Stanford
Hsin-Zon Tsai: University of California Berkeley
Patrick R. Forrester: University of California Berkeley
Michael F. Crommie: University of California Berkeley
Bianxiao Cui: Stanford University Stanford
Feng Wang: University of California Berkeley

Nature Communications, 2016, vol. 7, issue 1, 1-7

Abstract: Abstract The use of electric fields for signalling and control in liquids is widespread, spanning bioelectric activity in cells to electrical manipulation of microstructures in lab-on-a-chip devices. However, an appropriate tool to resolve the spatio-temporal distribution of electric fields over a large dynamic range has yet to be developed. Here we present a label-free method to image local electric fields in real time and under ambient conditions. Our technique combines the unique gate-variable optical transitions of graphene with a critically coupled planar waveguide platform that enables highly sensitive detection of local electric fields with a voltage sensitivity of a few microvolts, a spatial resolution of tens of micrometres and a frequency response over tens of kilohertz. Our imaging platform enables parallel detection of electric fields over a large field of view and can be tailored to broad applications spanning lab-on-a-chip device engineering to analysis of bioelectric phenomena.

Date: 2016
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13704

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