Proton pumping accompanies calcification in foraminifera

Takashi Toyofuku (), Miki Y. Matsuo, Lennart Jan de Nooijer, Yukiko Nagai, Sachiko Kawada, Kazuhiko Fujita, Gert-Jan Reichart, Hidetaka Nomaki, Masashi Tsuchiya, Hide Sakaguchi and Hiroshi Kitazato
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Takashi Toyofuku: Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)
Miki Y. Matsuo: Yokohama Institute for Earth Sciences (YES), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)
Lennart Jan de Nooijer: NIOZ-Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University
Yukiko Nagai: Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)
Sachiko Kawada: Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)
Kazuhiko Fujita: Faculty of Science and Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus
Gert-Jan Reichart: NIOZ-Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University
Hidetaka Nomaki: Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)
Masashi Tsuchiya: Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)
Hide Sakaguchi: Yokohama Institute for Earth Sciences (YES), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)
Hiroshi Kitazato: Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology

Nature Communications, 2017, vol. 8, issue 1, 1-6

Abstract: Abstract Ongoing ocean acidification is widely reported to reduce the ability of calcifying marine organisms to produce their shells and skeletons. Whereas increased dissolution due to acidification is a largely inorganic process, strong organismal control over biomineralization influences calcification and hence complicates predicting the response of marine calcifyers. Here we show that calcification is driven by rapid transformation of bicarbonate into carbonate inside the cytoplasm, achieved by active outward proton pumping. Moreover, this proton flux is maintained over a wide range of pCO2 levels. We furthermore show that a V-type H+ ATPase is responsible for the proton flux and thereby calcification. External transformation of bicarbonate into CO2 due to the proton pumping implies that biomineralization does not rely on availability of carbonate ions, but total dissolved CO2 may not reduce calcification, thereby potentially maintaining the current global marine carbonate production.

Date: 2017
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14145

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