Advanced rechargeable aluminium ion battery with a high-quality natural graphite cathode

Di-Yan Wang, Chuan-Yu Wei, Meng-Chang Lin, Chun-Jern Pan, Hung-Lung Chou, Hsin-An Chen, Ming Gong, Yingpeng Wu, Chunze Yuan, Michael Angell, Yu-Ju Hsieh, Yu-Hsun Chen, Cheng-Yen Wen, Chun-Wei Chen, Bing-Joe Hwang (), Chia-Chun Chen () and Hongjie Dai ()
Additional contact information
Di-Yan Wang: National Taiwan Normal University
Chuan-Yu Wei: National Taiwan Normal University
Meng-Chang Lin: Stanford University
Chun-Jern Pan: Stanford University
Hung-Lung Chou: Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
Hsin-An Chen: National Taiwan University
Ming Gong: Stanford University
Yingpeng Wu: Stanford University
Chunze Yuan: Stanford University
Michael Angell: Stanford University
Yu-Ju Hsieh: National Taiwan Normal University
Yu-Hsun Chen: National Taiwan Normal University
Cheng-Yen Wen: National Taiwan University
Chun-Wei Chen: National Taiwan University
Bing-Joe Hwang: National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
Chia-Chun Chen: National Taiwan Normal University
Hongjie Dai: Stanford University

Nature Communications, 2017, vol. 8, issue 1, 1-7

Abstract: Abstract Recently, interest in aluminium ion batteries with aluminium anodes, graphite cathodes and ionic liquid electrolytes has increased; however, much remains to be done to increase the cathode capacity and to understand details of the anion–graphite intercalation mechanism. Here, an aluminium ion battery cell made using pristine natural graphite flakes achieves a specific capacity of ∼110 mAh g−1 with Coulombic efficiency ∼98%, at a current density of 99 mA g−1 (0.9 C) with clear discharge voltage plateaus (2.25–2.0 V and 1.9–1.5 V). The cell has a capacity of 60 mAh g−1 at 6 C, over 6,000 cycles with Coulombic efficiency ∼ 99%. Raman spectroscopy shows two different intercalation processes involving chloroaluminate anions at the two discharging plateaus, while C–Cl bonding on the surface, or edges of natural graphite, is found using X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Finally, theoretical calculations are employed to investigate the intercalation behaviour of choloraluminate anions in the graphite electrode.

Date: 2017
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14283

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