Demonstration of qubit operations below a rigorous fault tolerance threshold with gate set tomography

Robin Blume-Kohout, John King Gamble (), Erik Nielsen, Kenneth Rudinger, Jonathan Mizrahi, Kevin Fortier and Peter Maunz
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Robin Blume-Kohout: Center for Computing Research, Sandia National Laboratories
John King Gamble: Center for Computing Research, Sandia National Laboratories
Erik Nielsen: Sandia National Laboratories
Kenneth Rudinger: Center for Computing Research, Sandia National Laboratories
Jonathan Mizrahi: Sandia National Laboratories
Kevin Fortier: Sandia National Laboratories
Peter Maunz: Sandia National Laboratories

Nature Communications, 2017, vol. 8, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: Abstract Quantum information processors promise fast algorithms for problems inaccessible to classical computers. But since qubits are noisy and error-prone, they will depend on fault-tolerant quantum error correction (FTQEC) to compute reliably. Quantum error correction can protect against general noise if—and only if—the error in each physical qubit operation is smaller than a certain threshold. The threshold for general errors is quantified by their diamond norm. Until now, qubits have been assessed primarily by randomized benchmarking, which reports a different error rate that is not sensitive to all errors, and cannot be compared directly to diamond norm thresholds. Here we use gate set tomography to completely characterize operations on a trapped-Yb+-ion qubit and demonstrate with greater than 95% confidence that they satisfy a rigorous threshold for FTQEC (diamond norm ≤6.7 × 10−4).

Date: 2017
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14485

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