The critical role of point defects in improving the specific capacitance of δ-MnO2 nanosheets

Peng Gao, Peter Metz, Trevyn Hey, Yuxuan Gong, Dawei Liu, Doreen D. Edwards, Jane Y. Howe, Rong Huang and Scott T. Misture ()
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Peng Gao: Kazuo Inamori School of Engineering, Alfred University
Peter Metz: Kazuo Inamori School of Engineering, Alfred University
Trevyn Hey: Kazuo Inamori School of Engineering, Alfred University
Yuxuan Gong: Kazuo Inamori School of Engineering, Alfred University
Dawei Liu: Kazuo Inamori School of Engineering, Alfred University
Doreen D. Edwards: Kazuo Inamori School of Engineering, Alfred University
Jane Y. Howe: Hitachi High-Technologies Canada, Inc.
Rong Huang: Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University
Scott T. Misture: Kazuo Inamori School of Engineering, Alfred University

Nature Communications, 2017, vol. 8, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract 3D porous nanostructures built from 2D δ-MnO2 nanosheets are an environmentally friendly and industrially scalable class of supercapacitor electrode material. While both the electrochemistry and defects of this material have been studied, the role of defects in improving the energy storage density of these materials has not been addressed. In this work, δ-MnO2 nanosheet assemblies with 150 m2 g−1 specific surface area are prepared by exfoliation of crystalline KxMnO2 and subsequent reassembly. Equilibration at different pH introduces intentional Mn vacancies into the nanosheets, increasing pseudocapacitance to over 300 F g−1, reducing charge transfer resistance as low as 3 Ω, and providing a 50% improvement in cycling stability. X-ray absorption spectroscopy and high-energy X-ray scattering demonstrate a correlation between the defect content and the improved electrochemical performance. The results show that Mn vacancies provide ion intercalation sites which concurrently improve specific capacitance, charge transfer resistance and cycling stability.

Date: 2017
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14559

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