Prevalence of sexual dimorphism in mammalian phenotypic traits

Natasha A. Karp (), Jeremy Mason, Arthur L. Beaudet, Yoav Benjamini, Lynette Bower, Robert E. Braun, Steve D.M. Brown, Elissa J. Chesler, Mary E. Dickinson, Ann M. Flenniken, Helmut Fuchs, Martin Hrabe de Angelis, Xiang Gao, Shiying Guo, Simon Greenaway, Ruth Heller, Yann Herault, Monica J. Justice, Natalja Kurbatova, Christopher J. Lelliott, K.C. Kent Lloyd, Ann-Marie Mallon, Judith E. Mank, Hiroshi Masuya, Colin McKerlie, Terrence F. Meehan, Richard F. Mott, Stephen A. Murray, Helen Parkinson, Ramiro Ramirez-Solis, Luis Santos, John R. Seavitt, Damian Smedley, Tania Sorg, Anneliese O. Speak, Karen P. Steel, Karen L. Svenson, Shigeharu Wakana, David West, Sara Wells, Henrik Westerberg, Shay Yaacoby and Jacqueline K. White
Additional contact information
Natasha A. Karp: Mouse Informatics Group, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute
Jeremy Mason: European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
Arthur L. Beaudet: Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine
Yoav Benjamini: Tel Aviv University
Lynette Bower: Mouse Biology Program, University of California
Robert E. Braun: The Jackson Laboratory
Steve D.M. Brown: MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus
Elissa J. Chesler: The Jackson Laboratory
Mary E. Dickinson: Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine
Ann M. Flenniken: The Centre for Phenogenomics
Helmut Fuchs: German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München
Martin Hrabe de Angelis: German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München
Xiang Gao: Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University
Shiying Guo: Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University
Simon Greenaway: MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus
Ruth Heller: Tel Aviv University
Yann Herault: CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris
Monica J. Justice: The Hospital for Sick Children
Natalja Kurbatova: Tel Aviv University
Christopher J. Lelliott: Mouse Genetics Project, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute
K.C. Kent Lloyd: Mouse Biology Program, University of California
Ann-Marie Mallon: MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus
Judith E. Mank: Evolution & Environment, University College London
Hiroshi Masuya: BioResource Center, RIKEN
Colin McKerlie: The Centre for Phenogenomics
Terrence F. Meehan: European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
Richard F. Mott: Genetics Institute, University College London
Stephen A. Murray: The Jackson Laboratory
Helen Parkinson: European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
Ramiro Ramirez-Solis: Mouse Genetics Project, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute
Luis Santos: MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus
John R. Seavitt: Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine
Damian Smedley: Clinical Pharmacology, Queen Mary University of London
Tania Sorg: CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris
Anneliese O. Speak: Mouse Genetics Project, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute
Karen P. Steel: Mouse Genetics Project, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute
Karen L. Svenson: The Jackson Laboratory
Shigeharu Wakana: BioResource Center, RIKEN
David West: Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute
Sara Wells: MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus
Henrik Westerberg: MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus
Shay Yaacoby: Tel Aviv University
Jacqueline K. White: The Jackson Laboratory

Nature Communications, 2017, vol. 8, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract The role of sex in biomedical studies has often been overlooked, despite evidence of sexually dimorphic effects in some biological studies. Here, we used high-throughput phenotype data from 14,250 wildtype and 40,192 mutant mice (representing 2,186 knockout lines), analysed for up to 234 traits, and found a large proportion of mammalian traits both in wildtype and mutants are influenced by sex. This result has implications for interpreting disease phenotypes in animal models and humans.

Date: 2017
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15475

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