Control of morphology and formation of highly geometrically confined magnetic skyrmions

Chiming Jin, Zi-An Li (), András Kovács, Jan Caron, Fengshan Zheng, Filipp N. Rybakov, Nikolai S. Kiselev (), Haifeng Du (), Stefan Blügel, Mingliang Tian, Yuheng Zhang, Michael Farle and Rafal E Dunin-Borkowski
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Chiming Jin: The Anhui Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS)
Zi-An Li: Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons and Peter Grünberg Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich
András Kovács: Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons and Peter Grünberg Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich
Jan Caron: Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons and Peter Grünberg Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich
Fengshan Zheng: Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons and Peter Grünberg Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich
Filipp N. Rybakov: M.N. Miheev Institute of Metal Physics of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences
Nikolai S. Kiselev: Peter Grünberg Institute and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich and JARA
Haifeng Du: The Anhui Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS)
Stefan Blügel: Peter Grünberg Institute and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich and JARA
Mingliang Tian: The Anhui Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS)
Yuheng Zhang: The Anhui Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS)
Michael Farle: Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen
Rafal E Dunin-Borkowski: Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons and Peter Grünberg Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich

Nature Communications, 2017, vol. 8, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract The ability to controllably manipulate magnetic skyrmions, small magnetic whirls with particle-like properties, in nanostructured elements is a prerequisite for incorporating them into spintronic devices. Here, we use state-of-the-art electron holographic imaging to directly visualize the morphology and nucleation of magnetic skyrmions in a wedge-shaped FeGe nanostripe that has a width in the range of 45–150 nm. We find that geometrically-confined skyrmions are able to adopt a wide range of sizes and ellipticities in a nanostripe that are absent in both thin films and bulk materials and can be created from a helical magnetic state with a distorted edge twist in a simple and efficient manner. We perform a theoretical analysis based on a three-dimensional general model of isotropic chiral magnets to confirm our experimental results. The flexibility and ease of formation of geometrically confined magnetic skyrmions may help to optimize the design of skyrmion-based memory devices.

Date: 2017
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15569

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