In situ dynamic observations of perovskite crystallisation and microstructure evolution intermediated from [PbI6]4− cage nanoparticles

Qin Hu, Lichen Zhao, Jiang Wu, Ke Gao, Deying Luo, Yufeng Jiang, Ziyi Zhang, Chenhui Zhu, Eric Schaible, Alexander Hexemer, Cheng Wang, Yi Liu, Wei Zhang, Michael Grätzel, Feng Liu (), Thomas P. Russell (), Rui Zhu () and Qihuang Gong
Additional contact information
Qin Hu: State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Peking University
Lichen Zhao: State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Peking University
Jiang Wu: State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Peking University
Ke Gao: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Deying Luo: State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Peking University
Yufeng Jiang: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Ziyi Zhang: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Chenhui Zhu: Advanced Light Sources, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Eric Schaible: Advanced Light Sources, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Alexander Hexemer: Advanced Light Sources, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Cheng Wang: Advanced Light Sources, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Yi Liu: Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Wei Zhang: Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey
Michael Grätzel: Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
Feng Liu: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Thomas P. Russell: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Rui Zhu: State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Peking University
Qihuang Gong: State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Peking University

Nature Communications, 2017, vol. 8, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Hybrid lead halide perovskites have emerged as high-performance photovoltaic materials with their extraordinary optoelectronic properties. In particular, the remarkable device efficiency is strongly influenced by the perovskite crystallinity and the film morphology. Here, we investigate the perovskites crystallisation kinetics and growth mechanism in real time from liquid precursor continually to the final uniform film. We utilize some advanced in situ characterisation techniques including synchrotron-based grazing incident X-ray diffraction to observe crystal structure and chemical transition of perovskites. The nano-assemble model from perovskite intermediated [PbI6]4− cage nanoparticles to bulk polycrystals is proposed to understand perovskites formation at a molecular- or nano-level. A crystallisation-depletion mechanism is developed to elucidate the periodic crystallisation and the kinetically trapped morphology at a mesoscopic level. Based on these in situ dynamics studies, the whole process of the perovskites formation and transformation from the molecular to the microstructure over relevant temperature and time scales is successfully demonstrated.

Date: 2017
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15688

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