Ablation-resistant carbide Zr0.8Ti0.2C0.74B0.26 for oxidizing environments up to 3,000 °C

Yi Zeng, Dini Wang, Xiang Xiong (), Xun Zhang, Philip J. Withers, Wei Sun, Matthew Smith, Mingwen Bai and Ping Xiao ()
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Yi Zeng: State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University
Dini Wang: State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University
Xiang Xiong: State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University
Xun Zhang: School of Materials, University of Manchester
Philip J. Withers: School of Materials, University of Manchester
Wei Sun: State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University
Matthew Smith: School of Materials, University of Manchester
Mingwen Bai: School of Materials, University of Manchester
Ping Xiao: School of Materials, University of Manchester

Nature Communications, 2017, vol. 8, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Ultra-high temperature ceramics are desirable for applications in the hypersonic vehicle, rockets, re-entry spacecraft and defence sectors, but few materials can currently satisfy the associated high temperature ablation requirements. Here we design and fabricate a carbide (Zr0.8Ti0.2C0.74B0.26) coating by reactive melt infiltration and pack cementation onto a C/C composite. It displays superior ablation resistance at temperatures from 2,000–3,000 °C, compared to existing ultra-high temperature ceramics (for example, a rate of material loss over 12 times better than conventional zirconium carbide at 2,500 °C). The carbide is a substitutional solid solution of Zr–Ti containing carbon vacancies that are randomly occupied by boron atoms. The sealing ability of the ceramic’s oxides, slow oxygen diffusion and a dense and gradient distribution of ceramic result in much slower loss of protective oxide layers formed during ablation than other ceramic systems, leading to the superior ablation resistance.

Date: 2017
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15836

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