Chasing the thermodynamical noise limit in whispering-gallery-mode resonators for ultrastable laser frequency stabilization

Jinkang Lim (), Anatoliy A. Savchenkov, Elijah Dale, Wei Liang, Danny Eliyahu, Vladimir Ilchenko, Andrey B. Matsko, Lute Maleki and Chee Wei Wong ()
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Jinkang Lim: University of California
Anatoliy A. Savchenkov: OEwaves Inc.
Elijah Dale: OEwaves Inc.
Wei Liang: OEwaves Inc.
Danny Eliyahu: OEwaves Inc.
Vladimir Ilchenko: OEwaves Inc.
Andrey B. Matsko: OEwaves Inc.
Lute Maleki: OEwaves Inc.
Chee Wei Wong: University of California

Nature Communications, 2017, vol. 8, issue 1, 1-7

Abstract: Abstract Ultrastable high-spectral-purity lasers have served as the cornerstone behind optical atomic clocks, quantum measurements, precision optical microwave generation, high-resolution optical spectroscopy, and sensing. Hertz-level lasers stabilized to high-finesse Fabry-Pérot cavities are typically used for these studies, which are large and fragile and remain laboratory instruments. There is a clear demand for rugged miniaturized lasers with stabilities comparable to those of bulk lasers. Over the past decade, ultrahigh-Q optical whispering-gallery-mode resonators have served as a platform for low-noise microlasers but have not yet reached the stabilities defined by their fundamental noise. Here, we show the noise characteristics of whispering-gallery-mode resonators and demonstrate a resonator-stabilized laser at this limit by compensating the intrinsic thermal expansion, allowing a sub-25 Hz linewidth and a 32 Hz Allan deviation. We also reveal the environmental sensitivities of the resonator at the thermodynamical noise limit and long-term frequency drifts governed by random-walk-noise statistics.

Date: 2017
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00021-9

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