Synchronized conductivity modulation to realize broadband lossless magnetic-free non-reciprocity

Tolga Dinc, Mykhailo Tymchenko, Aravind Nagulu, Dimitrios Sounas, Andrea Alu () and Harish Krishnaswamy ()
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Tolga Dinc: Columbia University
Mykhailo Tymchenko: The University of Texas at Austin
Aravind Nagulu: Columbia University
Dimitrios Sounas: The University of Texas at Austin
Andrea Alu: The University of Texas at Austin
Harish Krishnaswamy: Columbia University

Nature Communications, 2017, vol. 8, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Recent research has explored the spatiotemporal modulation of permittivity to break Lorentz reciprocity in a manner compatible with integrated-circuit fabrication. However, permittivity modulation is inherently weak and accompanied by loss due to carrier injection, particularly at higher frequencies, resulting in large insertion loss, size, and/or narrow operation bandwidths. Here, we show that the presence of absorption in an integrated electronic circuit may be counter-intuitively used to our advantage to realize a new generation of magnet-free non-reciprocal components. We exploit the fact that conductivity in semiconductors provides a modulation index several orders of magnitude larger than permittivity. While directly associated with loss in static systems, we show that properly synchronized conductivity modulation enables loss-free, compact and extremely broadband non-reciprocity. We apply these concepts to obtain a wide range of responses, from isolation to gyration and circulation, and verify our findings by realizing a millimeter-wave (25 GHz) circulator fully integrated in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology.

Date: 2017
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00798-9

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