Large second harmonic generation enhancement in Si3N4 waveguides by all-optically induced quasi-phase-matching

Adrien Billat, Davide Grassani, Martin H. P. Pfeiffer, Svyatoslav Kharitonov, Tobias J. Kippenberg and Camille-Sophie Brès ()
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Adrien Billat: Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Photonic Systems Laboratory (PHOSL)
Davide Grassani: Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Photonic Systems Laboratory (PHOSL)
Martin H. P. Pfeiffer: Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Laboratory of Photonics and Quantum Measurements (LPQM)
Svyatoslav Kharitonov: Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Photonic Systems Laboratory (PHOSL)
Tobias J. Kippenberg: Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Laboratory of Photonics and Quantum Measurements (LPQM)
Camille-Sophie Brès: Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Photonic Systems Laboratory (PHOSL)

Nature Communications, 2017, vol. 8, issue 1, 1-7

Abstract: Abstract Efficient second harmonic generation in integrated platforms is usually achieved by resonant structures, intermodal phase-matching or quasi-phase matching by periodically poling ferroelectric waveguides. However, in all these structures, it is impossible to reconfigure the phase-matching condition in an all-optical way. Here, we demonstrate that a Watt-level laser causes a periodic modification of the second-order susceptibility in a silicon nitride waveguide, allowing for quasi-phase-matching between the pump and second harmonic modes for arbitrary wavelengths inside the erbium band. The grating is long-term inscribed, and leads to a second harmonic generation enhancement of more than 30 dB. We estimate a χ (2) on the order of 0.3 pm/V, with a maximum conversion efficiency of 0.05% W−1. We explain the observed phenomenon with the coherent photogalvanic effect model, which correctly agrees with the retrieved experimental parameters.

Date: 2017
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01110-5

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