RETRACTED ARTICLE: Sulfur availability regulates plant growth via glucose-TOR signaling

Yihan Dong, Marleen Silbermann, Anna Speiser, Ilaria Forieri, Eric Linster, Gernot Poschet, Arman Allboje Samami, Mutsumi Wanatabe, Carsten Sticht, Aurelio A. Teleman, Jean-Marc Deragon, Kazuki Saito, Rüdiger Hell () and Markus Wirtz ()
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Yihan Dong: University of Heidelberg
Marleen Silbermann: University of Heidelberg
Anna Speiser: University of Heidelberg
Ilaria Forieri: University of Heidelberg
Eric Linster: University of Heidelberg
Gernot Poschet: University of Heidelberg
Arman Allboje Samami: University of Heidelberg
Mutsumi Wanatabe: Chiba University
Carsten Sticht: University of Mannheim
Aurelio A. Teleman: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)
Jean-Marc Deragon: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Perpignan
Kazuki Saito: Chiba University
Rüdiger Hell: University of Heidelberg
Markus Wirtz: University of Heidelberg

Nature Communications, 2017, vol. 8, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract Growth of eukaryotic cells is regulated by the target of rapamycin (TOR). The strongest activator of TOR in metazoa is amino acid availability. The established transducers of amino acid sensing to TOR in metazoa are absent in plants. Hence, a fundamental question is how amino acid sensing is achieved in photo-autotrophic organisms. Here we demonstrate that the plant Arabidopsis does not sense the sulfur-containing amino acid cysteine itself, but its biosynthetic precursors. We identify the kinase GCN2 as a sensor of the carbon/nitrogen precursor availability, whereas limitation of the sulfur precursor is transduced to TOR by downregulation of glucose metabolism. The downregulated TOR activity caused decreased translation, lowered meristematic activity, and elevated autophagy. Our results uncover a plant-specific adaptation of TOR function. In concert with GCN2, TOR allows photo-autotrophic eukaryotes to coordinate the fluxes of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur for efficient cysteine biosynthesis under varying external nutrient supply.

Date: 2017
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01224-w

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