Examining the human infectious reservoir for Plasmodium falciparum malaria in areas of differing transmission intensity

Bronner P. Gonçalves, Melissa C. Kapulu, Patrick Sawa, Wamdaogo M. Guelbéogo, Alfred B. Tiono, Lynn Grignard, Will Stone, Joel Hellewell, Kjerstin Lanke, Guido J. H. Bastiaens, John Bradley, Issa Nébié, Joyce M. Ngoi, Robin Oriango, Dora Mkabili, Maureen Nyaurah, Janet Midega, Dyann F. Wirth, Kevin Marsh, Thomas S. Churcher, Philip Bejon, Sodiomon B. Sirima, Chris Drakeley () and Teun Bousema ()
Additional contact information
Bronner P. Gonçalves: London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
Melissa C. Kapulu: Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Wellcome Trust Programme
Patrick Sawa: International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology
Wamdaogo M. Guelbéogo: Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme
Alfred B. Tiono: Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme
Lynn Grignard: London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
Will Stone: London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
Joel Hellewell: Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London
Kjerstin Lanke: Radboud University Medical Center
Guido J. H. Bastiaens: Radboud University Medical Center
John Bradley: London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
Issa Nébié: Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme
Joyce M. Ngoi: Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Wellcome Trust Programme
Robin Oriango: International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology
Dora Mkabili: Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Wellcome Trust Programme
Maureen Nyaurah: International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology
Janet Midega: Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Wellcome Trust Programme
Dyann F. Wirth: Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
Kevin Marsh: Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Wellcome Trust Programme
Thomas S. Churcher: Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London
Philip Bejon: Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Wellcome Trust Programme
Sodiomon B. Sirima: Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme
Chris Drakeley: London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
Teun Bousema: London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine

Nature Communications, 2017, vol. 8, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract A detailed understanding of the human infectious reservoir is essential for improving malaria transmission-reducing interventions. Here we report a multi-regional assessment of population-wide malaria transmission potential based on 1209 mosquito feeding assays in endemic areas of Burkina Faso and Kenya. Across both sites, we identified 39 infectious individuals. In high endemicity settings, infectious individuals were identifiable by research-grade microscopy (92.6%; 25/27), whilst one of three infectious individuals in the lowest endemicity setting was detected by molecular techniques alone. The percentages of infected mosquitoes in the different surveys ranged from 0.05 (4/7716) to 1.6% (121/7749), and correlate positively with transmission intensity. We also estimated exposure to malaria vectors through genetic matching of blood from 1094 wild-caught bloodfed mosquitoes with that of humans resident in the same houses. Although adults transmitted fewer parasites to mosquitoes than children, they received more mosquito bites, thus balancing their contribution to the infectious reservoir.

Date: 2017
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01270-4

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