Time-resolved diffraction of shock-released SiO2 and diaplectic glass formation

A. E. Gleason (), C. A. Bolme, H. J. Lee, B. Nagler, E. Galtier, R. G. Kraus, R. Sandberg, W. Yang, F. Langenhorst and W. L. Mao
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A. E. Gleason: Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663
C. A. Bolme: Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663
H. J. Lee: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd.
B. Nagler: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd.
E. Galtier: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd.
R. G. Kraus: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave.
R. Sandberg: Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663
W. Yang: Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research
F. Langenhorst: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena
W. L. Mao: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd.

Nature Communications, 2017, vol. 8, issue 1, 1-6

Abstract: Abstract Understanding how rock-forming minerals transform under shock loading is critical for modeling collisions between planetary bodies, interpreting the significance of shock features in minerals and for using them as diagnostic indicators of impact conditions, such as shock pressure. To date, our understanding of the formation processes experienced by shocked materials is based exclusively on ex situ analyses of recovered samples. Formation mechanisms and origins of commonly observed mesoscale material features, such as diaplectic (i.e., shocked) glass, remain therefore controversial and unresolvable. Here we show in situ pump-probe X-ray diffraction measurements on fused silica crystallizing to stishovite on shock compression and then converting to an amorphous phase on shock release in only 2.4 ns from 33.6 GPa. Recovered glass fragments suggest permanent densification. These observations of real-time diaplectic glass formation attest that it is a back-transformation product of stishovite with implications for revising traditional shock metamorphism stages.

Date: 2017
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01791-y

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