A glimpse of gluons through deeply virtual compton scattering on the proton

Defurne, M.; Jiménez-Argüello, A. Martí; Ahmed, Z.; Albataineh, H.; Allada, K.; Aniol, K. A.; Bellini, V.; Benali, M.; Boeglin, W.; Bertin, P.; Brossard, M.; Camsonne, A.; Canan, M.; Chandavar, S.; Chen, C.; Chen, J.-P.; Jager, C. W.; Leo, R.; Desnault, C.; Deur, A.; Fassi, L. El; Ent, R.; Flay, D.; Friend, M.; Fuchey, E.; Frullani, S.; Garibaldi, F.; Gaskell, D.; Giusa, A.; Glamazdin, O.; Golge, S.; Gomez, J.; Hansen, O.; Higinbotham, D.; Holmstrom, T.; Horn, T.; Huang, J.; Huang, M.; Hyde, C. E.; Iqbal, S.; Itard, F.; Kang, H.; Kelleher, A.; Keppel, C.; Koirala, S.; Korover, I.; LeRose, J. J.; Lindgren, R.; Long, E.; Magne, M.; Mammei, J.; Margaziotis, D. J.; Markowitz, P.; Mazouz, M.; Meddi, F.; Meekins, D.; Michaels, R.; Mihovilovic, M.; Camacho, C. Muñoz; Nadel-Turonski, P.; Nuruzzaman, N.; Paremuzyan, R.; Puckett, A.; Punjabi, V.; Qiang, Y.; Rakhman, A.; Rashad, M. N. H.; Riordan, S.; Roche, J.; Russo, G.; Sabatié, F.; Saenboonruang, K.; Saha, A.; Sawatzky, B.; Selvy, L.; Shahinyan, A.; Sirca, S.; Solvignon, P.; Sperduto, M. L.; Subedi, R.; Sulkosky, V.; Sutera, C.; Tobias, W. A.; Urciuoli, G. M.; Wang, D.; Wojtsekhowski, B.; Yao, H.; Ye, Z.; Zhan, X.; Zhang, J.; Zhao, B.; Zhao, Z.; Zheng, X.; Zhu, P.

A glimpse of gluons through deeply virtual compton scattering on the proton

M. Defurne (), A. Martí Jiménez-Argüello, Z. Ahmed, H. Albataineh, K. Allada, K. A. Aniol, V. Bellini, M. Benali, W. Boeglin, P. Bertin, M. Brossard, A. Camsonne, M. Canan, S. Chandavar, C. Chen, J.-P. Chen, C. W. Jager, R. Leo, C. Desnault, A. Deur, L. El Fassi, R. Ent, D. Flay, M. Friend, E. Fuchey, S. Frullani, F. Garibaldi, D. Gaskell, A. Giusa, O. Glamazdin, S. Golge, J. Gomez, O. Hansen, D. Higinbotham, T. Holmstrom, T. Horn, J. Huang, M. Huang, C. E. Hyde, S. Iqbal, F. Itard, H. Kang, A. Kelleher, C. Keppel, S. Koirala, I. Korover, J. J. LeRose, R. Lindgren, E. Long, M. Magne, J. Mammei, D. J. Margaziotis, P. Markowitz, M. Mazouz, F. Meddi, D. Meekins, R. Michaels, M. Mihovilovic, C. Muñoz Camacho, P. Nadel-Turonski, N. Nuruzzaman, R. Paremuzyan, A. Puckett, V. Punjabi, Y. Qiang, A. Rakhman, M. N. H. Rashad, S. Riordan, J. Roche, G. Russo, F. Sabatié, K. Saenboonruang, A. Saha, B. Sawatzky, L. Selvy, A. Shahinyan, S. Sirca, P. Solvignon, M. L. Sperduto, R. Subedi, V. Sulkosky, C. Sutera, W. A. Tobias, G. M. Urciuoli, D. Wang, B. Wojtsekhowski, H. Yao, Z. Ye, X. Zhan, J. Zhang, B. Zhao, Z. Zhao, X. Zheng and P. Zhu
Additional contact information
M. Defurne: Université Paris-Saclay
A. Martí Jiménez-Argüello: Institut de Physique Nucléaire CNRS-IN2P3
Z. Ahmed: Syracuse University
H. Albataineh: Texas A&M University-Kingsville
K. Allada: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
K. A. Aniol: California State University
V. Bellini: INFN/Sezione di Catania
M. Benali: CNRS/IN2P3
W. Boeglin: Florida International University
P. Bertin: CNRS/IN2P3
M. Brossard: CNRS/IN2P3
A. Camsonne: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
M. Canan: Old Dominion University
S. Chandavar: Ohio University
C. Chen: Hampton University
J.-P. Chen: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
C. W. Jager: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
R. Leo: Università di Bari
C. Desnault: Institut de Physique Nucléaire CNRS-IN2P3
A. Deur: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
L. El Fassi: The State University of New Jersey
R. Ent: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
D. Flay: Temple University
M. Friend: Carnegie Mellon University
E. Fuchey: Université Paris-Saclay
S. Frullani: INFN/Sezione Sanità
F. Garibaldi: INFN/Sezione Sanità
D. Gaskell: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
A. Giusa: INFN/Sezione di Catania
O. Glamazdin: Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology
S. Golge: North Carolina Central University
J. Gomez: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
O. Hansen: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
D. Higinbotham: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
T. Holmstrom: Longwood University
T. Horn: The Catholic University of America
J. Huang: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
M. Huang: Duke University
C. E. Hyde: CNRS/IN2P3
S. Iqbal: California State University
F. Itard: CNRS/IN2P3
H. Kang: Seoul National University
A. Kelleher: College of William and Mary, Department of Physics
C. Keppel: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
S. Koirala: Old Dominion University
I. Korover: Tel Aviv University
J. J. LeRose: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
R. Lindgren: University of Virginia
E. Long: Kent State University
M. Magne: CNRS/IN2P3
J. Mammei: University of Massachusetts
D. J. Margaziotis: California State University
P. Markowitz: Florida International University
M. Mazouz: Faculté des Sciences de Monastir
F. Meddi: INFN/Sezione Sanità
D. Meekins: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
R. Michaels: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
M. Mihovilovic: University of Ljubljana
C. Muñoz Camacho: Institut de Physique Nucléaire CNRS-IN2P3
P. Nadel-Turonski: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
N. Nuruzzaman: Hampton University
R. Paremuzyan: Institut de Physique Nucléaire CNRS-IN2P3
A. Puckett: Los Alamos National Laboratory
V. Punjabi: Norfolk State University
Y. Qiang: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
A. Rakhman: Syracuse University
M. N. H. Rashad: Old Dominion University
S. Riordan: Stony Brook University
J. Roche: Ohio University
G. Russo: INFN/Sezione di Catania
F. Sabatié: Université Paris-Saclay
K. Saenboonruang: University of Virginia
A. Saha: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
B. Sawatzky: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
L. Selvy: Kent State University
A. Shahinyan: Yerevan Physics Institute
S. Sirca: University of Ljubljana
P. Solvignon: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
M. L. Sperduto: INFN/Sezione di Catania
R. Subedi: George Washington University
V. Sulkosky: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
C. Sutera: INFN/Sezione di Catania
W. A. Tobias: University of Virginia
G. M. Urciuoli: INFN/Sezione di Roma
D. Wang: University of Virginia
B. Wojtsekhowski: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
H. Yao: Temple University
Z. Ye: University of Virginia
X. Zhan: Argonne National Laboratory
J. Zhang: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
B. Zhao: College of William and Mary, Department of Physics
Z. Zhao: University of Virginia
X. Zheng: University of Virginia
P. Zhu: University of Virginia

Nature Communications, 2017, vol. 8, issue 1, 1-7

Abstract: Abstract The internal structure of nucleons (protons and neutrons) remains one of the greatest outstanding problems in modern nuclear physics. By scattering high-energy electrons off a proton we are able to resolve its fundamental constituents and probe their momenta and positions. Here we investigate the dynamics of quarks and gluons inside nucleons using deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS)—a highly virtual photon scatters off the proton, which subsequently radiates a photon. DVCS interferes with the Bethe-Heitler (BH) process, where the photon is emitted by the electron rather than the proton. We report herein the full determination of the BH-DVCS interference by exploiting the distinct energy dependences of the DVCS and BH amplitudes. In the regime where the scattering is expected to occur off a single quark, measurements show an intriguing sensitivity to gluons, the carriers of the strong interaction.

Date: 2017
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01819-3

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