Scallop genome reveals molecular adaptations to semi-sessile life and neurotoxins

Yuli Li, Xiaoqing Sun, Xiaoli Hu, Xiaogang Xun, Jinbo Zhang, Ximing Guo, Wenqian Jiao, Lingling Zhang, Weizhi Liu, Jing Wang, Ji Li, Yan Sun, Yan Miao, Xiaokang Zhang, Taoran Cheng, Guoliang Xu, Xiaoteng Fu, Yangfan Wang, Xinran Yu, Xiaoting Huang, Wei Lu, Jia Lv, Chuang Mu, Dawei Wang, Xu Li, Yu Xia, Yajuan Li, Zhihui Yang, Fengliang Wang, Lu Zhang, Qiang Xing, Huaiqian Dou, Xianhui Ning, Jinzhuang Dou, Yangping Li, Dexu Kong, Yaran Liu, Zhi Jiang, Ruiqiang Li, Shi Wang () and Zhenmin Bao ()
Additional contact information
Yuli Li: Ocean University of China
Xiaoqing Sun: Novogene Bioinformatics Institute
Xiaoli Hu: Ocean University of China
Xiaogang Xun: Ocean University of China
Jinbo Zhang: Novogene Bioinformatics Institute
Ximing Guo: Rutgers University
Wenqian Jiao: Ocean University of China
Lingling Zhang: Ocean University of China
Weizhi Liu: Ocean University of China
Jing Wang: Ocean University of China
Ji Li: Novogene Bioinformatics Institute
Yan Sun: Ocean University of China
Yan Miao: Ocean University of China
Xiaokang Zhang: Ocean University of China
Taoran Cheng: Ocean University of China
Guoliang Xu: Novogene Bioinformatics Institute
Xiaoteng Fu: Ocean University of China
Yangfan Wang: Ocean University of China
Xinran Yu: Novogene Bioinformatics Institute
Xiaoting Huang: Ocean University of China
Wei Lu: Ocean University of China
Jia Lv: Ocean University of China
Chuang Mu: Ocean University of China
Dawei Wang: Novogene Bioinformatics Institute
Xu Li: Ocean University of China
Yu Xia: Ocean University of China
Yajuan Li: Ocean University of China
Zhihui Yang: Ocean University of China
Fengliang Wang: Ocean University of China
Lu Zhang: Ocean University of China
Qiang Xing: Ocean University of China
Huaiqian Dou: Ocean University of China
Xianhui Ning: Ocean University of China
Jinzhuang Dou: Ocean University of China
Yangping Li: Ocean University of China
Dexu Kong: Ocean University of China
Yaran Liu: Ocean University of China
Zhi Jiang: Novogene Bioinformatics Institute
Ruiqiang Li: Novogene Bioinformatics Institute
Shi Wang: Ocean University of China
Zhenmin Bao: Ocean University of China

Nature Communications, 2017, vol. 8, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Bivalve molluscs are descendants of an early-Cambrian lineage superbly adapted to benthic filter feeding. Adaptations in form and behavior are well recognized, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we investigate the genome, various transcriptomes, and proteomes of the scallop Chlamys farreri, a semi-sessile bivalve with well-developed adductor muscle, sophisticated eyes, and remarkable neurotoxin resistance. The scallop’s large striated muscle is energy-dynamic but not fully differentiated from smooth muscle. Its eyes are supported by highly diverse, intronless opsins expanded by retroposition for broadened spectral sensitivity. Rapid byssal secretion is enabled by a specialized foot and multiple proteins including expanded tyrosinases. The scallop uses hepatopancreas to accumulate neurotoxins and kidney to transform to high-toxicity forms through expanded sulfotransferases, probably as deterrence against predation, while it achieves neurotoxin resistance through point mutations in sodium channels. These findings suggest that expansion and mutation of those genes may have profound effects on scallop’s phenotype and adaptation.

Date: 2017
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01927-0

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