Roles of two types of heparan sulfate clusters in Wnt distribution and signaling in Xenopus

Yusuke Mii, Takayoshi Yamamoto, Ritsuko Takada, Shuji Mizumoto, Makoto Matsuyama, Shuhei Yamada, Shinji Takada () and Masanori Taira ()
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Yusuke Mii: Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo
Takayoshi Yamamoto: Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo
Ritsuko Takada: National Institute for Basic Biology and Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institutes of Natural Sciences
Shuji Mizumoto: Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University
Makoto Matsuyama: Shigei Medical Research Institute
Shuhei Yamada: Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University
Shinji Takada: National Institute for Basic Biology and Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institutes of Natural Sciences
Masanori Taira: Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo

Nature Communications, 2017, vol. 8, issue 1, 1-19

Abstract: Abstract Wnt proteins direct embryonic patterning, but the regulatory basis of their distribution and signal reception remain unclear. Here, we show that endogenous Wnt8 protein is distributed in a graded manner in Xenopus embryo and accumulated on the cell surface in a punctate manner in association with “N-sulfo-rich heparan sulfate (HS),” not with “N-acetyl-rich HS”. These two types of HS are differentially clustered by attaching to different glypicans as core proteins. N-sulfo-rich HS is frequently internalized and associated with the signaling vesicle, known as the Frizzled/Wnt/LRP6 signalosome, in the presence of Wnt8. Conversely, N-acetyl-rich HS is rarely internalized and accumulates Frzb, a secreted Wnt antagonist. Upon interaction with Frzb, Wnt8 associates with N-acetyl-rich HS, suggesting that N-acetyl-rich HS supports Frzb-mediated antagonism by sequestering Wnt8 from N-sulfo-rich HS. Thus, these two types of HS clusters may constitute a cellular platform for the distribution and signaling of Wnt8.

Date: 2017
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02076-0

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